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Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.) Executive summary of the consensus document for the management of severe Cushing...
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Vol. 72. Issue 10.
(December 2025)
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Vol. 72. Issue 10.
(December 2025)
Consensus document
Executive summary of the consensus document for the management of severe Cushing's syndrome: Consensus document of the Neuroendocrinology Focus Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN)
Documento ejecutivo del documento de consenso sobre el manejo del síndrome de Cushing grave. Documento de Consenso del Grupo de Neuroendocrinología de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN)
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Marta Araujo-Castroa,b,
Corresponding author
marta.araujo@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding authors.
, Rogelio García-Centenoc, Javier Allerd, Mónica Marazuelae, Alfonso Sotof, María Ángeles Gálvezg, Rosa Cámarah, Elena Valassii,j, Ignacio Bernabeuk, Rocío Villar-Taibok, Felicia A. Hanzul,
Corresponding author
fhanzu@clinic.cat

Corresponding authors.
a Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
b Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
c Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
d Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
e Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
f Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
g Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
h Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
i Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario e Instituto de Investigación Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
j Grupo CIBERER 747 “Enfermedades de hipófisis”; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
k Endocrinology & Nutrition Department Hospital Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
l Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Main studies on osilodrostat in severe hypercortisolism.19
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Table 2. Management of ectopic Cushing's syndrome with osilodrostat.
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Table 3. Considerations on titration and block and replace approaches.6,19,38,58,59
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Abstract

Severe Cushing's syndrome (SCS) is usually defined as a CS with urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels above five times the upper limit of normal or associated with severe complications of hypercortisolism. Combination therapy with ketoconazole and metyrapone is a useful option for these patients. Osilodrostat is the most potent and effective oral drug in monotherapy for the treatment of SCS. For cases with very severe hypercortisolism and/or oral intolerance, etomidate is the most effective and rapid drug for reducing cortisol levels. Bilateral adrenalectomy may be indicated in cases of life-threatening severe hypercortisolism, but UFC should be reduced before surgery to reduce the perioperative morbimortality. Prompt treatment of comorbidities and thrombo- and infection prophylaxis are recommended. In conclusion, a rapid control of hypercortisolism is vital in SCS, and for this purpose combination therapy or potent drugs with a rapid onset of action such as etomidate or osilodrostat are indicated.

Keywords:
Cushing's syndrome
Severe hypercortisolism
Ketoconazole, metyrapone, etomidate
Osilodrostat
Cortisol
Resumen

El síndrome de Cushing grave (SCS) se define generalmente como un SC con niveles de cortisol libre urinario (CLU) superiores a 5 veces al límite superior de la normalidad o asociado con complicaciones graves del hipercortisolismo. La terapia combinada con ketoconazol y metirapona es una opción útil para estos pacientes. El osilodrostat es el fármaco oral más potente y eficaz en monoterapia para el tratamiento del SCS. En los casos con hipercortisolismo muy grave o asociado a intolerancia oral, el etomidato es el fármaco más eficaz y rápido para reducir los niveles de cortisol. La adrenalectomía bilateral puede estar indicada en casos de hipercortisolismo grave potencialmente mortal, pero los niveles de CLU deben reducirse antes de la cirugía para reducir la morbimortalidad perioperatoria. Se recomienda el tratamiento inmediato de las comorbilidades y la profilaxis del tromboembolismo y de las infecciones. En conclusión, un control rápido del hipercortisolismo es vital en el SCS, y para ello están indicadas la terapia combinada o fármacos potentes con un inicio de acción rápido, como el etomidato o el osilodrostat.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de Cushing
Hipercortisolismo
Ketoconazol, metopirona, etomidato
Osilodrostat
Cortisol

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