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Vol. 74. Núm. 2.
Páginas 77-81 (Agosto 2003)
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Vol. 74. Núm. 2.
Páginas 77-81 (Agosto 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Abordaje laparoscópico en el tratamiento de la colecistitis aguda: estudio retrospectivo en 609 casos
The laparoscopic approach in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Retrospective study in 609 patients
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5798
Benoît Navez1,a, Mara Arenasb, Didier Mutterb, Michel Vixb, David Lipskia, Emmanuel Cambiera, Pierre Guiota, Joël Leroyb, Jacques Marescauxb
a Departament de Cirugía General y Digestiva. St. Joseph Hospital. Charleroi (Gilly). Bélgica
b Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva y Endocrina. IRCAD/EITS. Chirurgie A. Hospital Universitario. Estrasburgo. Francia
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Resumen

La colecistectomía laparoscópica (CL) es actualmente bien aceptada como el tratamiento de elección en la colelitiasis sintomática no complicada. La aplicación de la técnica laparoscópica en pacientes con colecistitis aguda (CA) es más controvertida. El exacto papel y los beneficios potenciales de la CL en el tratamiento de la CA no se han establecido claramente, ni existen amplias series clínicas.

El objetivo del estudio fue valorar la aplicabilidad, seguridad, beneficios y complicaciones específicas del abordaje laparoscópico en pacientes con CA.

Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes admitidos en dos unidades de cirugía digestiva de urgencia entre octubre de 1990 y diciembre de 1997. Se identificaron y evaluaron 609 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de CA. La tasa de complicaciones fue del 15%, con 12 fístulas biliares postoperatorias (1,97%) y 4 lesiones de la vía biliar (LVB) (0,66%). La mortalidad global fue del 0,66%. Las complicaciones locales y globales se correlacionaron significativamente con el retraso entre el inicio de los síntomas agudos y la cirugía, pero no así la tasa de complicaciones generales ni la de fallecimientos. Nuestros resultados demuestran la seguridad y la factibilidad de la CL en la CA. La colecistectomía temprana dentro de los primeros 4 días se recomienda ampliamente para minimizar las complicaciones e incrementar las posibilidades de un sabordaje laparoscópico con éxito.

Palabras clave:
Colecistitis aguda
Colecistectomía laparoscópica
Laparoscopia
Vesícula
Cirugía endoscópica

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is now widely accepted as the treatment of choice for symptomatic uncomplicated cholelithiasis. The use of the laparoscopic technique in acute cholecystitis (AC) is more controversial. The precise role and potential benefits of LC in the treatment of the acutely inflamed gallbladder have not been clearly defined through large clinical series.

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, benefits, and specific complications of the laparoscopic approach in patients with AC.

A retrospective analysis of the patients admitted to two emergency digestive surgery units between October 1990 and December 1997 was carried out. Six hundred and nine patients meeting our criteria for AC were identified and evaluated. The overall complication rate was 15% with 12 postoperative bile leakages (1.97%) and four biliary tract injuries (0.66%). The overall mortality rate was 0.66%. The delay between the onset of acute symptoms and surgical intervention was significantly correlated with local and overall complication rates but not with the general complication rate or mortality. Our results demonstrate the safety and feasibility of LC in AC. Early cholecystectomy within 4 days is strongly recommended to minimize complications and increase the chances of a successful laparoscopic approach.

keywords:
Acute cholecystitis
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Laparoscopy
Gallbladder
Endoscopic surgery
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