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Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with total bilateral blindness: a 10-year...
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Pre-proof, online 29 December 2025
Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with total bilateral blindness: a 10-year prospective study
Trastornos respiratorios del sueño en pacientes con ceguera bilateral total: estudio prospectivo a 10 años
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V.M. Asensio-Sáncheza,
Corresponding author
vmasensio@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, A. Prietoa, V. Roigb
a Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
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Abstract
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Abstract
Background and objective

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in the general population and is associated with major cardiovascular consequences and impaired quality of life. The absence of light perception in patients with total bilateral blindness (TBB) promotes circadian desynchronization, which may increase the risk of OSA. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of OSA and other sleep-disordered breathing conditions in patients with TBB.

Patients and methods

This was a prospective observational study conducted over a 10-year period, including 19 patients with TBB of various etiologies. Clinical interviews, validated questionnaires (STOP-BANG, ESS), and in-laboratory overnight polysomnography were performed.

Results

Moderate to severe OSA was present in 63.2% (12/19) of patients, with a predominance among males. Significant alterations in sleep architecture were observed, along with a high frequency of circadian desynchronization (non-24 -h sleep–wake disorder).

Conclusions

Patients with TBB show a significantly higher prevalence of OSA compared with the general population, probably related to circadian desynchronization secondary to the absence of light perception. These findings support the need for systematic screening for sleep-disordered breathing in this population, given its impact on quality of life and cardiovascular risk.

Keywords:
total blindness
sleep apnea
sleep-disordered breathing
circadian rhythm
sleep quality
prospective study
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es frecuente en la población general y se asocia a importantes repercusiones cardiovasculares y de calidad de vida. La ausencia de percepción luminosa en pacientes con ceguera bilateral total (CBT) favorece la desincronización circadiana, lo que podría incrementar el riesgo de AOS. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de AOS y otros trastornos respiratorios del sueño en pacientes con CBT.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo observacional realizado a lo largo de 10 años, que incluyó 19 pacientes con CBT de diversas etiologías. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas clínicas, cuestionarios validados (STOP-BANG, ESS) y polisomnografía nocturna en laboratorio de sueño.

Resultados

El 63,2% (12/19) de los pacientes presentó AOS moderada o grave, con predominio en varones. Se evidenciaron alteraciones significativas en la arquitectura del sueño y una elevada frecuencia de desincronización circadiana (trastorno non-24).

Conclusiones

Los pacientes con CBT muestran una prevalencia significativamente mayor de AOS que la población general, probablemente relacionada con la desincronización circadiana secundaria a la ausencia de percepción luminosa. Estos hallazgos respaldan la necesidad de un cribado sistemático de trastornos respiratorios del sueño en esta población, dada su repercusión en calidad de vida y riesgo cardiovascular.

Palabras clave:
ceguera total
apnea del sueño
trastornos respiratorios
ritmo circadiano
calidad del sueño
estudio prospectivo

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