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Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with thyroid orbitopathy in...
Journal Information
Vol. 100. Issue 3.
Pages 134-142 (March 2025)
Vol. 100. Issue 3.
Pages 134-142 (March 2025)
Original article
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with thyroid orbitopathy in a tertiary hospital over 5 years
Características demográficas y clínicas de pacientes con orbitopatía tiroidea en un hospital de tercer nivel a lo largo de 5 años
A. Fernández Fernández De Castro, H. Sánchez Tocino, A. Galindo-Ferreiro
Corresponding author
ali_galindo@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
Article information
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Summary of demographic studies on thyroid orbitopathy published.
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Table 2. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with thyroid orbitopathy.
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Table 3. Ophthalmologic characteristics of thyroid orbitopathy.
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Table 4. Clinical activity of patients diagnosed with thyroid orbitopathy depending on age group.
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Table 5. Severity of patients diagnosed with thyroid orbitopathy depending on sex, smoking habits, and symmetry of bilateral involvement.
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Abstract
Objective

To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of thyroid orbitopathy (TO) in a population in Spain.

Method

It is a retrospective observational study of patients with TO treated at a tertiary hospital center. We gathered demographic data, ophthalmological symptoms, laterality, symmetry, recurrences, activity according to the Clinical Activity Score scale, severity according to the European Group On Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO), thyroid function and antibody levels. Statistical significance was defined for P values <0.05.

Results

156 patients with TO were included. 128 (82.1%) women, the female/male sex ratio was 4.57:1. The cumulative incidence was 7.47 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year. The mean age was 50.7 ± 13.2 years. 70 (44.9%) patients were smokers. 62 (39.7%) patients had a family history of thyroid dysfunction. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 90 (57.7%) patients, hypothyroidism in 34 (21.8%) patients, and euthyroidism in 32 (20.5%) patients. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was elevated in 107 (68.5%) patients. The TO was bilateral in 149 (95.51%) and symmetrical in 99 (66%). Active TO occurred in 28 (17.9%) patients. 110 (70.5%) TO were mild, 41 (26.3%) moderate-severe and 5 (3.2%) very severe. Moderate-severe TO was higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (32.9% vs. 20.9%, p = 0.524).

Conclusions

TO in our population follows similar patterns to other countries: female sex, mild, bilateral and symmetrical. In smokers, TO may present more severely.

Keywords:
Thyroid orbitopathy
Orbit
Graves’ disease
Orbitopathy
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir las características demográficas y clínicas de la orbitopatía tiroidea (OT) de una población en España.

Método

Es un estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes con OT atendidos en un centro hospitalario de tercer nivel. Se recogieron datos demográficos, clínica oftalmológica, lateralidad, simetría, recidivas, actividad según la escala de Clinical Activity Score, la gravedad según European Group On Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO), función tiroidea y niveles de anticuerpos. Se definió una significación estadística para valores P < 0,05.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 156 pacientes con OT. 128 (82,1%) mujeres, el ratio de sexo femenino/masculino fue de 4,57:1. La incidencia acumulada fue de 7,47 casos por cada 100,000 habitantes/año. La edad media fue de 50,7 ± 13,2 años. 62 (39,7%) pacientes tuvieron antecedente familiar de disfunción tiroidea. 70 (44,9%) pacientes eran fumadores. Se presentó hipertiroidismo en 90 (57,7%) pacientes, hipotiroidismo en 34 (21,8%) y eutiroidismo en 32 (20,5%). La inmunoglobulina estimulante del tiroides se presentó elevada en 107 (68,5%) pacientes. La OT fue bilateral en 149 (95,51%), y simétrica en 99 (66%). Se presentó OT activa en 28 (17,9 %) pacientes. 110 (70,5%) OT fueron leves, 41 (26,3%) moderadas-severas y 5 (3,2%) muy severas. La OT moderada-severa fue mayor en fumadores comparado con no fumadores (32,9% vs. 20,9%, p = 0,524).

Conclusiones

La OT en nuestra población sigue patrones parecidos a otros países: sexo femenino, leve, bilateral y simétrica. En fumadores la OT puede presentarse con más gravedad.

Palabras clave:
Orbitopatía tiroidea
Órbita
Enfermedad de Graves
Orbitopatía

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