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Inicio Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Five-year experience of tele-ophthalmology for diabetic retinopathy screening in...
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Vol. 91. Issue 9.
Pages 426-430 (September 2016)
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Vol. 91. Issue 9.
Pages 426-430 (September 2016)
Original article
Five-year experience of tele-ophthalmology for diabetic retinopathy screening in a rural population
Análisis de un programa de teleoftalmología para el cribado de retinopatía diabética en área rural tras cinco años
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S. Rodríguez Villaa,
Corresponding author
susanarodriguezvilla@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, C. Alonso Álvarezb, R. de Dios del Valleb, R. Salazar Méndeza, M. Cuesta Garcíaa, M.J. Ruiz Garcíaa, M. Cubillas Martína, M. Rodríguez Vazqueza
a Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Comarcal Jarrio, Coaña, Asturias, Spain
b Hospital Comarcal Jarrio, Coaña, Asturias, Spain
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Table 1. Criteria for referral to ophthalmology.
Abstract
Objective

To identify the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among rural inhabitants included in a tele-ophthalmology program. To analyze diagnostic accuracy among primary care physicians, concordance with ophthalmologists, and financial savings.

Material and methods

An observational randomized study was conducted on 394 patients included in a tele-ophthalmology program (from January 2010 to January 2015). An analysis was performed on the clinical characteristics, DR findings in retinography images, and correspondence between the request for a second interpretation by an ophthalmologist, and previously established criteria for it: presence of moderate to severe DR, vision loss, poor image quality and/or intraocular pressure >22mmHg. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program (Student t and χ2 tests).

Results

DR prevalence was 12.1%. Patients with glycosylated hemoglobin values >7.68% or those treated with a combination of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs showed a higher risk of DR (P<.05). 43.3% of patients correctly referred to ophthalmologists showed moderate to severe DR. Unnecessary referrals to specialists were improved from 91.7% in 2010 to 98.6% in 2014. It is estimated that the program has made a total saving of €152,550.45.

Conclusions

Tele-ophthalmology programs are a useful tool in DR screening. Primary care physicians are able to distinguish patients who need specialist care, avoiding unnecessary referrals to ophthalmologists, and saving costs.

Keywords:
Tele-ophthalmology
Telemedicine
Diabetic screening
Diabetic retinopathy
Non-mydriatic fundus camera
Rural
Resumen
Objetivo

Estudiar la prevalencia de retinopatía diabética (RD) y los factores de riesgo asociados en la población incluida en un programa de teleoftalmología en área rural. Evaluar la capacidad diagnóstica de RD de los médicos de atención primaria (MAP) y su correcta coordinación con los oftalmólogos, cuantificando el ahorro generado.

Material y métodos

Estudio observacional transversal de una muestra aleatoria de 394 pacientes incluidos en el programa de teleoftalmología desde enero de 2010 a enero de 2015. Analizamos características clínicas, hallazgos de RD en las retinografías y la correcta derivación de imágenes por los MAP al servicio de oftalmología según los criterios establecidos: RD moderada o severa, baja agudeza visual (AV), mala calidad de imagen y presión intraocular (PIO) >22mmHg. Análisis estadístico con SPSS. Pruebas t de Student y χ2.

Resultados

La prevalencia de RD fue del 12,1%. Los pacientes con hemoglobina glucosilada >7,68% o tratados con combinación de antidiabéticos orales e insulina presentaron mayor riesgo de RD (p<0,05). El 43,3% de los pacientes derivados correctamente a oftalmología presentaban retinopatía moderada o severa. Los pacientes no derivados a oftalmología de forma correcta pasaron de un 91,7% en 2010 a un 98,6% en 2014. Estimamos un ahorro global de 152.550,45€.

Conclusiones

El programa de teleoftalmología resulta útil como cribado de RD. Los MAP son capaces de discriminar los pacientes que requieren valoración oftalmológica, evitando consultas presenciales y generando ahorro.

Palabras clave:
Teleoftalmología
Telemedicina
Cribado de diabetes
Retinopatía diabética
Cámara no midriática
Rural

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