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Inicio Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Determination of inmune response and inflammation mediators in tears: Changes in...
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Vol. 92. Issue 5.
Pages 210-217 (May 2017)
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Vol. 92. Issue 5.
Pages 210-217 (May 2017)
Original article
Determination of inmune response and inflammation mediators in tears: Changes in dry eye and glaucoma as compared to healthy controls
Determinación de mediadores de la respuesta inmune e inflamación en lágrimas: cambios en ojo seco y glaucoma frente a población sana
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J. Benitez-del-Castillo Sáncheza,
Corresponding author
, M.D. Morillo-Rojasa, C. Galbis-Estradab, M.D. Pinazo-Duranb
a Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
b Unidad de Investigación de Oftalmología Santiago Grisolía, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
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Table 1. Inclusion/exclusion criteria for study participants.
Table 2. Characteristics of the study population.
Table 3. Expression profile of inflammation marker molecules and immune response in the tears of the studied population.
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Abstract
Objective

To determine the expression profile of immune response and inflammation (IRI) mediator molecules in tears from patients with dry eye (DE), and those suspected of having or have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) under treatment and compare them with healthy controls.

Methods

A prospective observational cohort study including 107 participants sub-divided into: healthy controls (CG; n=30), patients with DE (DEG; n=41) and patients suspected of having or have POAG and on hypotensive treatment (POAG-G; n=36). Tear samples were collected by capillary to be processed using a multi-immunoassay system based on flow cytometry (Luminex R-200®), in order to determine the interleukins (IL): 1β, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 10, and the growth factors: tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial (VEGF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating (GM-CSF). Data were processed using the SPSS 20.0 program.

Results

Molecules that significantly increased in tears from DEG vs. POAG-G patients were: IL-1 (p=0.01), IL-6 (p=0.004), IL-10 (p=0.04), whereas VEGF significantly decreased in the DEG. The POAG-G showed significantly higher IL-6 values (p<0.0001) as compared to the CG. When comparing both the DEG and POAG-G, significant differences were observed in tear expression of IL-4 (p=0.004), IL-6 (p=0.002), TNF-α (p=0.03), GM-CSF (p=0.03), and VEGF (p=0.002).

Conclusions

The increased expression of IRI mediators in tears from patients with DE or POAG strongly demonstrated the importance of immune response in both pathologies. However, the different molecules involved also suggest distinct signaling pathways for these processes that still require further research.

Keywords:
Tears
Cytokines
Dry eye
Glaucoma
Inflammation and immune response
Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar el perfil de expresión de las moléculas mediadoras de inflamación y respuesta inmune (IRI) en lágrimas de pacientes con ojo seco (OS) y pacientes en tratamiento médico por sospecha o diagnóstico de glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto (GPAA) para compararlos con sujetos sanos.

Método

Estudio prospectivo observacional de cohortes de 107 participantes subdivididos en: pacientes con OS (GOS; n=30), pacientes con sospecha o diagnóstico de GPAA con tratamiento hipotensor ocular (GGPAA; n=41) y controles sanos (GC; n=36). Se obtuvieron muestras de lágrimas mediante capilaridad para analizarlas mediante sistema de multiinmunoanálisis basado en citometría de flujo (Luminex R-200®), determinando diversas interleucinas (IL): 1β, 2, 4, 5, 6 y 10, y también los factores de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α), de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF) y de crecimiento de colonias de granulocitos y macrófagos (GM-CSF). Los datos se procesaron mediante el programa SPSS 20.0.

Resultados

Las moléculas que aumentaron significativamente en lágrimas de pacientes en el GOS versus GGPAA fueron: IL-1β (p=0.01), IL-6 (p=0,004), IL-10 (p=0,04), mientras que el VEGF disminuyó significativamente en el GOS. El GGPAA mostró aumento significativo de IL-6 (p<0,0001) frente al GC. Comparando GOS y GGPAA, observamos diferencias significativas para IL-4 (p=0,004), IL-6 (p=0,002), TNF-α (p=0,03), GM-CSF (p=0,03) y VEGF (p=0,002).

Conclusiones

El aumento de expresión de los mediadores de IRI en lágrimas de pacientes con OS o GPAA demuestra la importancia de estos procesos en ambas enfermedades, aunque las distintas moléculas implicadas indican diferentes vías de señalización para ambas, que requieren más investigaciones.

Palabras clave:
Lágrimas
Citoquinas
Ojo seco
Glaucoma
Inflamación y respuesta inmune

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