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Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Cochleo-vestibular phenotype in patients with pathogenic variations in the ACTG1...
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Vol. 76. Issue 3.
(May - June 2025)
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Vol. 76. Issue 3.
(May - June 2025)
Original article
Cochleo-vestibular phenotype in patients with pathogenic variations in the ACTG1 gene
Fenotipo cocleovestibular en pacientes con variantes patogénicas en el gen ACTG1
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Rocío González-Aguadoa,b,c, Jaime Gallo-Teránd, Eshter Onechae,f, Carmelo Morales-Angulob,g,h,
Corresponding author
Carmelo.morales@scsalud.es

Corresponding author.
a Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
b Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Spain
c Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, Spain
d Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
e Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
f Cellular signaling and therapeutic targets in cancer, Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Spain
g Head of the Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
h Cell cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and variants of unknown significance in the ACTG1 gene among families with suspected bilateral sensorineural hearing loss of genetic origin. Additionally, the research aimed to elucidate the cochleovestibular phenotype of individuals carrying these variants.

Methods

A cohort of 365 unrelated families with sensorineural hearing loss participated in this study. Genetic analysis was conducted using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).

Results

The study identified c.94C>A and c.721G>A pathogenic variants in heterozygosity in the ACTG1 gene among three probands. Two of these cases exhibited an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, while the third was a de novo variant. Additionally, three other family members underwent genetic and audiological evaluations. Onset of hearing loss typically occurred between the first and second decades of life, initially affecting high frequencies and gradually extending to all frequencies. Treatment with hearing aids yielded favourable outcomes in all cases.

Conclusions

Pathogenic variants in the ACTG1 gene were found to be rare in the studied population. Nonetheless, these variants should be considered in families presenting with postlingual bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, particularly when high-frequency hearing loss progressively worsens to profound levels.

Keywords:
Hearing loss
Genetic
ACTG1 gene
Resumen
Objetivo

El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de variantes patogénicas, probablemente patogénicas y variantes de significado incierto en el gen ACTG1 entre familias con hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral sospechosa de un origen genético. Además, la investigación buscó determinar el fenotipo cocleovestibular de individuos portadores de estas variantes.

Métodos

Un total de 365 familias no relacionadas con hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral participaron en este estudio. El análisis genético se realizó mediante secuenciación de nueva generación (NGS).

Resultados

Se identificaron las variantes patogénicas c.94C>A y c.721G>A en heterocigosis en el gen ACTG1 en tres probandos. Dos de estos casos exhibieron un patrón de herencia autosómica dominante, mientras que el tercero fue una variante de novo. Además, otros tres miembros de una de las familias se sometieron a evaluaciones genéticas y audiológicas. El inicio de la pérdida auditiva generalmente ocurrió entre la primera y segunda décadas de la vida, afectando inicialmente a las frecuencias altas y extendiéndose gradualmente a todas las frecuencias. El tratamiento con audífonos mostró resultados favorables en todos los casos.

Conclusiones

Las variantes patogénicas en el gen ACTG1 son raras en la población estudiada. No obstante, estas variantes deben considerarse en familias que presenten hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral postlingual, con afectación sobre todo a altas frecuencias, progresiva que llega a hacerse profunda, habitualmente sin afectación vestibular.

Palabras clave:
Hipoacusia
Genética
Gen ACTG1

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