Información del artículo
Resumen
El síndrome neuroléptico maligno se caracteriza por ser una enfermedad que además de ser poco frecuente y potencialmente letal, requiere de un diagnóstico oportuno haciendo diferenciación de otras patologías igualmente poco frecuentes y por ende desconocidas por buena parte del personal médico como la catatonia letal, y la hipertermia maligna, cuyo mecanismo fisiopatológico es completamente diferente pero que de igual manera son devastadoras y potencialmente letales.
En esta revisión se hará especial relevancia en su epidemiología, fisiopatología, diagnóstico diferencial y enfoque terapéutico.
Destacaremos la importancia de mantener una alta sospecha de este cuadro clínico teniendo en cuenta que hay un aumento actual en la formulación de medicamentos neurolépticos, y aparición de enfermedades psiquiátricas en nuestra población. El mantener una alta sospecha de este cuadro, permitirá realizar un diagnóstico precoz e iniciar un tratamiento oportuno y adecuado, logrando así reducir la morbimortalidad asociada.
Palabras clave:
Síndrome neuroléptico maligno
Diagnóstico
Enfoque terapéutico
Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a disease that, in addition to being rare, is potentially life-threatening. Its early diagnosis by differentiation from other diseases, also rare, and thus unknown by much of the medical personnel, such as lethal catatonia and malignant hyperthermia, where the pathophysiological mechanism is totally different but just as devastating and potentially life-threatening.
In this review, special relevance will be made to its epidemiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic approach.
Emphasis will be placed on the importance of maintaining a high suspicion of this clinical picture, taking into account that there is a current actual increase in the formulation of neuroleptic drugs and emergence of psychiatric illness in our population. Maintaining a high suspicion of this clinical picture will allow early diagnosis and initiate timely and appropriate treatment, and thus reducing the associated mortality and morbidity.
Keywords:
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Diagnosis
Therapeutic approach
Artículo
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