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Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Can dorsal knuckle creases facilitate human identification in forensic medicine?...
Journal Information
Vol. 51. Issue 4.
(October - December 2025)
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Vol. 51. Issue 4.
(October - December 2025)
Original article
Can dorsal knuckle creases facilitate human identification in forensic medicine? A pilot study
¿Pueden los pliegues dorsales de los nudillos facilitar la identificación humana en medicina forense? Un estudio piloto
Ana Tellez-Garcíaa,b,**,1, Juan Suárezb,c,
,1
, Leticia Rubiob,c, Stella Martín-de-las-Herasb,c, Ignacio Santosb,c
a Grupo de Identificación, Brigada Provincial de Policía Científica de Málaga, Comisaría General de Policía Científica, 29140 Málaga, Spain
b Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
c Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Distribution of horizontal linear folds on each finger in doubtful P1 and doubtless P2 samples.
Tables
Table 2. Overall similarity between doubtful (P1) and doubtless (P2) samples in terms of coincidence of the presence and number of horizontal linear folds (HLF).
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Table 3. Individual similarity in each doubtful (P1) compared to all doubtless (P2) samples in terms of the presence and number of horizontal linear folds (HLF).
Tables
Table 4. Visual inspection between doubtful (P1) and doubtless (P2) samples.
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Additional material (2)
Abstract
Introduction

In many forensic investigations into cases of cyberbullying and online violence against minors, video footage can serve as crucial evidence, as it allows the identification of the perpetrator's physical features. Although the face is often concealed, other parts of the body are frequently exposed and can be revealing.

Objective

This study analyzes the horizontal linear folds (HLFs) on the dorsal aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of the dorsum of the hands as a unique anatomical feature for human identification with legal value in forensic medicine.

Material and methods

Real and ideal scenarios were performed to obtain doubtful and doubtless images of the dorsal hands by a webcam and a high-resolution camera, respectively. The presence and number of HLF from 112 dorsal PIPJs (4 fingers, 2 hands, 14 individuals) were quantified and statistically compared by analyzing the similarity between sample groups using Sorensen-Dice coefficient and Jaccard index.

Results

HLF resulted in a sensitivity (positive identification) of 78.57%, but a specificity (negative identification) of 26.1% (area under ROC curve = 55.3%). Visual inspection of doubtful and doubtless samples achieved a 100% match in human identification.

Conclusions

The morphological variability and unique pattern of the HLF can be used as a simplified method to delimit human identification in forensic medicine.

Keywords:
Legal medicine
Forensic medicine
Horizontal linear fold
Hands
Human identification
Anatomical comparison
Resumen
Introducción

En muchas investigaciones forenses sobre casos de ciberacoso y violencia en línea contra niños, niñas y adolescentes, los vídeos pueden representar una evidencia crucial, ya que permiten identificar características físicas del agresor. Aunque este suele ocultar su rostro, a menudo quedan al descubierto otras partes del cuerpo que pueden ser reveladoras.

Objetivo

Este estudio analiza los pliegues lineales horizontales en la cara dorsal de la articulación interfalángica proximal del dorso de las manos como una característica anatómica única para la identificación humana con valor legal en medicina forense.

Material y métodos

Se realizaron escenarios reales e ideales para obtener imágenes dubitadas e indubitadas del dorso de las manos mediante una webcam y una cámara de alta resolución, respectivamente. Se cuantificaron la presencia y el número de pliegues lineales horizontales de 112 PIPJ (4 dedos, 2 manos, 14 individuos) y se compararon estadísticamente analizando la similitud entre los grupos de muestras mediante el coeficiente de Sorensen-Dice y el índice de Jaccard.

Resultados

Los pliegues lineales horizontales dieron como resultado una sensibilidad (identificación positiva) del 78,57%, pero una especificidad (identificación negativa) del 26,1% (área bajo la curva ROC = 55,3%). La inspección visual de muestras dubitadas e indubitadas logró una coincidencia del 100% en la identificación humana.

Conclusiones

La variabilidad morfológica y el patrón único de los pliegues lineales horizontales pueden utilizarse como método simplificado para delimitar la identificación humana en medicina forense.

Palabras clave:
Medicina legal
Medicina forense
Pliegue lineal horizontal
Manos
Identificación humana
Comparación anatómica

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