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Relevant risk factors of repeated suicidal attempts in a sample of outpatients
Factores predictores de riesgo de repetición de intento de suicidio en una muestra de pacientes ambulatorios
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Ashkan Espandiana, Marina Gonzáleza, Teresa Reijasa, Gerardo Florezb,
Corresponding author
gerardof@mundo-r.com

Corresponding author.
, Ernesto Ferrera, Pilar A. Saizc, Angel Salgado-Barreirad, Amparo Gonzáleza, Julio Brenllae, Luis Docasara, Julio Bobesc
a Servicio de psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
b Unidad de Adicciones, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ourense, Spain
c Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain
d Unidad de Metodología y Estadística, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
e Servicio de psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Compostela, Spain
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Received 01 February 2018. Accepted 11 March 2019
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Abstract
Introduction

Suicide is, at present, an important global public health problem; detection of risk factors can be used as a method for prevention and intervention. This study aims to identify predictors of suicide in patients with suicidal attempt retry (SAR), who are followed-up an in the Intensive Intervention Program (PII).

Methods

The sample includes patients followed up at the PII because of a previous suicidal attempt. The following variables were collected during the 12 months follow-up (baseline, 6 months and 12 months): Repeated attempts, socio-demographic and clinical variables, lack of adherence and the Beck Depression Inventory and Hopelessness Scale.

Statistic analysis

The association between SAR and qualitative study variables was performed using Chi-Square and for the quantitative, T-Student was used. The analysis was carried out with the software SPSS 19.0. The study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Galicia.

Results

Of the 319 patients, 29 (9 %) of them committed a new suicidal attempt, 22 (76 %) of these new attempts happened during the first 6 month of the Program. Of those who repeat the attempt, 7 (24 %) have a history of a previous attempt that precede the basal attempt (p=0.033) in less than 180 days.

Medication overdose is the most used method, as it was used by 240 of the patients (76 %). 27 (93 %) kept drug overdose as their retry method, also reaching significance (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Overdose as a method of attempt and re-attempt, and the time elapsed from the previous attempt, are the highlighted risk factors associated with repeated suicidal attempts. For this reason, it is crucial to identify patients with a new suicide attempt so that a more intense intervention and drug treatment control is delivered during the first 180 days.

Keywords:
Repeated suicidal attempts
Risk factors
Previous attempts
Prevention of suicidal attempts
Resumen
Introducción

El suicidio representa un problema destacado en la actualidad; una línea de prevención e intervención es la detección de los factores de riesgo. En este estudio se pretende identificar variables predictores de repetición de intento de suicidio (RIS) en pacientes a seguimiento en un Programa de Intervención Intensiva (PII).

Material y método

La muestra la forman los pacientes incluidos en el PII por intento de suicidio. Se registran las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, los abandonos, la RIS, las faltas a consulta y los resultados obtenidos en las escalas de depresión y desesperanza de Beck a lo largo de los 12 meses de seguimiento en el programa (inicial, 6 meses y 12 meses).

Análisis estadístico

La asociación entre RIS y variables cualitativas de estudio se realizó Chi-Cuadrado y para las cuantitativas T-Student. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando el software SPSS 19.0.

El estudio ha sido aprobado por el Comité Autonómico de Ética de la Investigación de Galicia.

Resultados

De la muestra de 319 pacientes, 29 (9%) realizan una RIS, 22 (76%) durante los primeros 6 meses del programa. Los que RIS, 7 (24%) tienen historia de intento previo durante un periodo inferior a 180 días al intento índice (p=0.033).

La intoxicación medicamentosa fue el método más empleado en el intento índice 240 pacientes (76%). 27 (93%) mantienen el método en la RIS (p<0.001).

Conclusiones

La sobreingesta de fármacos como método del intento y el tiempo transcurrido desde el intento previo, son los factores de riesgo asociados a la RIS, por ello la importancia de identificar a los pacientes con historia de intento, sobre todo en los primeros 180 días, para una intervención más intensiva y un ajuste adecuado del tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Repetición de intento de suicidio
Factores de riesgo
Intentos previos
Prevención de intento de suicidio

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