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Vol. 21. Issue 4.
(October - December 2023)
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Vol. 21. Issue 4.
(October - December 2023)
Original article
Therapeutic effects of melatonin in long-term exposure to 2100MHz radiofrequency radiation on rat sperm characteristics
Efectos terapéuticos de la melatonina en la exposición a largo plazo a la radiación de radiofrecuencia de 2100MHz en las características del esperma de rata
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Meltem Özgena, Gülnur Takea, İskender Kaplanoğlub, Deniz Erdoğana, Cemile Merve Seymena,
Corresponding author
cmerveseymen@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
b Sağlık Bilimleri University, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Center of Assisted Reproduction, Ankara, Turkey
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Table 1. Experimental design.
Abstract
Introduction

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) are one of the risk factors for male reproductive health and melatonin can be an ideal candidate for therapeutic development against RF-induced male fertility problems due to its antioxidant properties. The possible therapeutic role of melatonin in the destructive effects of 2100MHz RF radiation on rat sperm characteristics is investigated in the present study.

Methods

Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups and the experiment continued for ninety consecutive days; Control, Melatonin (10mg/kg, subcutaneously), RF (2100MHz, thirty minutes per day, whole-body), and RF+Melatonin groups. Left caudal epididymis and ductus deferens tissues were placed in sperm wash solution (at 37°C) and dissected. The sperms were counted and stained. Measurements of the perinuclear ring of the manchette and posterior portion of the nucleus (ARC) were performed and the sperms were examined at an ultrastructural level. All of the parameters were evaluated statistically.

Results

The percentages of abnormal sperm morphology were significantly increased with RF exposure, while the total sperm count was significantly decreased. RF exposure also showed harmful effects on acrosome, axoneme, mitochondrial sheath, and outer dense fibers at the ultrastructural level. The number of total sperms, sperms with normal morphology increased, and ultrastructural appearance returned to normal by melatonin administration.

Discussion

The data showed that melatonin may be a beneficial therapeutic agent for long-term exposure of 2100MHz RF radiation-related reproductive impairments.

Keywords:
Melatonin
Radiofrequency radiation
Rat
Sperm
Ultrastructure
Resumen
Introducción

Los campos electromagnéticos de radiofrecuencia (RF-EMF) son uno de los factores de riesgo para la salud reproductiva masculina y la melatonina puede ser un candidato ideal para el desarrollo terapéutico contra los problemas de fertilidad masculina inducidos por RF debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes. En el presente estudio se investiga el posible papel terapéutico de la melatonina en los efectos destructivos de la radiación RF de 2100MHz en las características del esperma de rata.

Métodos

Se dividieron ratas albinas Wistar en 4 grupos y se continuó el experimento durante 90 días consecutivos: grupos control, melatonina (10mg/kg, por vía subcutánea), RF (2100MHz, 30min por día, cuerpo entero) y RF+melatonina. Los tejidos del epidídimo caudal izquierdo y del conducto deferente se colocaron en una solución de lavado de esperma (a 37°C) y se diseccionaron. Los espermatozoides fueron contados y teñidos. Se realizaron mediciones del anillo perinuclear del manchette y de la porción posterior del núcleo (ARC) y se examinaron los espermatozoides a nivel ultraestructural. Todos los parámetros fueron evaluados estadísticamente.

Resultados

Los porcentajes de morfología anormal de los espermatozoides aumentaron significativamente con la exposición a RF, mientras que el recuento total de espermatozoides disminuyó significativamente. La exposición a RF también mostró efectos nocivos en el acrosoma, el axonema, la vaina mitocondrial y las fibras densas externas a nivel ultraestructural. El número total de espermatozoides, los espermatozoides con morfología normal aumentaron y la apariencia ultraestructural volvió a la normalidad mediante la administración de melatonina.

Discusión

Los datos mostraron que la melatonina puede ser un agente terapéutico beneficioso para la exposición a largo plazo de las deficiencias reproductivas relacionadas con la radiación de RF de 2100MHz.

Palabras clave:
Melatonina
Radiación de radiofrecuencia
Rata
Esperma
Ultraestructura

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