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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Factors associated with postoperative anastomotic leak and comparison of 4 predi...
Journal Information
Vol. 72. Issue 7.
(August - September 2025)
Vol. 72. Issue 7.
(August - September 2025)
Original article
Factors associated with postoperative anastomotic leak and comparison of 4 prediction scales in colorectal surgery
Factores asociados a la dehiscencia de anastomosis postoperatoria y comparación de 4 escalas de predicción en cirugía colorrectal
J.M. Nieves-Alonso
Corresponding author
jesusmna@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, L.A. Gómez Arredondo, P. Maestre Serantes, C. Martín Martín, F. Guitart de la Lastra, F. Ramasco Rueda
Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Basic characteristics of patients undergoing colorectal surgery between 2018 and 2020.
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Table 2. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of study risk factors and the appearance of clinical outcome variables.
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Table 3. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of study scales and the appearance of clinical outcome variables.
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Abstract
Introduction

Anastomotic leakage is a serious post-colorectal surgery complication, and has an incidence ranging from 2.8% to 30%. Identifying risk factors and evaluating prediction scores could optimize perioperative management. This study analyses factors associated with dehiscence and compares the predictive capacity of four scales: ASA, CCI, RCRI and AUB-HAS2.

Methods

Retrospective observational study in 182 patients undergoing colorectal surgery with anastomosis in a Spanish tertiary hospital (2018–2020). Clinical and perioperative data were collected, and the ASA, CCI, RCRI and AUB-HAS2 scores were calculated. Risk factors were analysed using multivariate logistic regression, and predictive capacity was assessed with ROC curves.

Results

Leakage occurred in 13.2% of cases. In the multivariate analysis, heart failure (OR: 4.14; 95% CI: 1.14−13.77) and laparotomy (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.07–6.60) were significantly associated with dehiscence. None of the scales predicted this complication. The AUB-HAS2 and CCI scales were associated with 30-day mortality (AUC: 0.81 and 0.74, respectively), and the CCI predicted the need for organ support (AUC: 0.71).

Conclusion

Heart failure and laparotomy are independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage. Although none of the scales predicted this complication, the AUB-HAS2 and CCI were useful in stratifying postoperative mortality. This highlights the importance of personalized assessment.

Keywords:
Rectal surgery
Suture dehiscence
Risk factors
Risk scale
Resumen
Introducción

La dehiscencia de anastomosis es una complicación grave tras la cirugía colorrectal, con una incidencia del 2,8 % al 30 %. Identificar factores de riesgo y evaluar escalas de predicción podría optimizar el manejo perioperatorio. Este estudio analiza factores asociados a la dehiscencia y compara la capacidad predictiva de cuatro escalas: ASA, CCI, RCRI y AUB-HAS2.

Métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo en 182 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía colorrectal con anastomosis en un hospital terciario español (2018–2020). Se recopilaron datos clínicos y perioperatorios, y se calcularon las escalas ASA, CCI, RCRI y AUB-HAS2. Los factores de riesgo se analizaron mediante regresión logística multivariada, y la capacidad predictiva se evaluó con curvas ROC.

Resultados

La dehiscencia ocurrió en el 13,2 %. En el análisis multivariado, la insuficiencia cardíaca (OR: 4,14; IC 95 %: 1,14−13,77) y la laparotomía (OR: 2,67; IC 95 %: 1,07-6,60) se asociaron significativamente con la dehiscencia. Ninguna escala predijo esta complicación. AUB-HAS2 y CCI se asociaron con la mortalidad a 30 días (AUC: 0,81 y 0,74, respectivamente), y CCI predijo la necesidad de soporte orgánico (AUC: 0,71).

Conclusión

La insuficiencia cardíaca y la laparotomía son factores de riesgo independientes para la dehiscencia de anastomosis. Aunque las escalas no predijeron esta complicación, AUB-HAS2 y CCI demostraron utilidad en la estratificación de mortalidad postoperatoria, destacando la importancia de una evaluación personalizada.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía rectal
Dehiscencia de sutura
Factores de riesgo
Escala de riesgo

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