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Vol. 30. Issue 4.
Pages 286-296 (October - December 2023)
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Vol. 30. Issue 4.
Pages 286-296 (October - December 2023)
Original Investigation
Diagnostic accuracy study of globular sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and fever admitted to a Social Security hospital in Lima, Peru, 2010–2019
Estudio de precisión diagnóstica de la velocidad de sedimentación globular y la proteína C reactiva en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico y fiebre admitidos en un hospital de la Seguridad Social en Lima, Perú, 2010–2019
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Gustavo R. Leóna,b, Ayleen Menacho-Alvaradoa,c, Jorge Cieza-Calderóna, Eddy R. Segurad,
Corresponding author
eddysegura@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Enfermedades Sistémicas/Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
b Especialidad Médica de Reumatología, Clínica Monterrico, Lima, Peru
c Servicio de Reumatología, Clínica San Gabriel, Lima, Peru
d Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Huánuco, Huánuco, Peru
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Distribution of paraclinical values ​​in 40 patients with SLE and fever due to infection (n = 9), activity (n = 14), or both (n = 17) in a Social Security hospital in Lima, Peru, 2010–2019.
Table 2. Specific etiologies (n = 58) in 40 patients with SLE and fever due to infection (n = 9), activity (n = 14), or both (n = 17) in a Social Security hospital in Lima, Peru, 2010–2019.
Table 3. Distribution of paraclinical values ​​in 40 patients with SLE and fever due to infection with or without activity (n = 26) or only due to activity (n = 14) in a Social Security hospital in Lima, Peru, 2010–2019.
Table 4. Performance of acute-phase reactants to differentiate fever due to activity (n = 14) versus fever due to infection plus activity (n = 26) in 40 patients with SLE in a hospital in Social Security in Lima, Peru, 2010–2019.
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Abstract
Introduction

In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and fever, the causes are infection and/or activity. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to discern these causes.

Methods

We reviewed medical records of patients with SLE and fever hospitalized from 2010 to 2019. Based on two categories of cause of fever (infection with-or-without activity versus activity alone), we computed ROC curves, areas under the curve (AUC) and best cut-off values for ESR, parameter ESR, CRP and ESR/CRP ratio. In addition, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.

Results

We included 40 cases (34 women) with an average age of 35.5 years. The main cause of fever was the coexistence of infection and activity (17/40; 43%), followed by fever only due to activity (14/40; 35%). The most frequent infection was pneumonia (10/40; 25%) and the most common activity was renal (21/40; 53%). To diagnose “fever due to infection with-or-without activity”, compared to “fever only due to activity”, CRP had an AUC: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75–0.97) with 5.4 mg/dl as the best cut-off value (Se: 76.9%; Sp: 85.7%; PPV: 90.9; NPV: 66.6%). To diagnose “fever due to activity only”, compared to “fever due to infection with or without activity”, the ESR/CRP ratio had an AUC: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68–0.98) with 21.42 as the best cut-off value (Se: 78.6%; Sp: 84.6%; PPV: 73.3%; NPV: 88.0%).

Conclusion

CRP and ESR/CRP ratio, which are routine tests in these cases, are potentially useful in discerning causes of fever in SLE patients. These findings should be confirmed in future studies.

Keywords:
Lupus
Fever
Flare
Infection
Biomarker
Resumen
Introducción

En pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y fiebre, las causas son infección o actividad. Se determinaron las propiedades de la proteína C reactiva (PCR) y de la velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG) para discernir estas causas.

Material y métodos

Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con LES y fiebre hospitalizados durante el period 2010–2019. Con base en 2 categorías de causa de fiebre (infección c/s actividad versus actividad sola), se determinaron curvas ROC, áreas bajo la curva (ABC) y el mejor punto de corte para VSG, VSG parámetro, PCR y razón VSG/PCR. Además, se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 40 casos (34 mujeres) con 35,5 años en promedio. La principal causa de fiebre fue la coexistencia de infección y actividad (17/40; 43%), seguida de fiebre solo por actividad (14/40; 35%). La infección más frecuente fue neumonía (10/40; 25%) y la actividad más común fue renal (21/40; 53%). Para diagnosticar «fiebre por infección con o sin actividad», comparado con «fiebre solo por actividad», la PCR tuvo un ABC: 0,86 (IC 95%: 0,75–0,97) con 5,4 mg/dl como mejor punto de corte (S: 76,9%; E: 85,7%; VPP: 90,9; VPN: 66,6%). Para diagnosticar «fiebre solo por actividad», comparado con «fiebre por infección c/s actividad», la razón VSG/PCR tuvo ABC: 0,83 (IC 95%: 0,68–0,98), con 21,42 como mejor corte (S: 78,6%; E: 84,6%; VPP: 73,3%; VPN: 88,0%).

Conclusión

La PCR y la razón VSG/PCR, que son pruebas de rutina en estos casos, son potencialmente útiles para discernir causas de fiebre en pacientes con LES. Estos hallazgos deben confirmarse en futuros estudios.

Palabras clave:
Lupus
Fiebre
Actividad
Infección
Biomarcador

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