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Vol. 39. Issue 4.
Pages 716-731 (December 2010)
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Vol. 39. Issue 4.
Pages 716-731 (December 2010)
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Alteraciones cognitivas, emocionales y comportamentales a largo plazo en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico en Cali, Colombia*
Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders in Patients with Long-term Traumatic Brain Injury in Cali, Colombia
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María Cristina Quijano1, Juan Carlos Arango Lasprilla2,
Corresponding author
lasprilla50@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Juan Carlos Arango Lasprilla, 730 E Broad Street 4th floor, Room 4230a, Richmond, VA 23219 PO Box 843038, Estados Unidos
, María Teresa Cuervo3
1 MsC en Neuropsicología, docente del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales. Directora del Grupo de Medición y Evaluación Psicológica. Cali, Colombia
2 PhD Grupo de Rehabilitación en Salud. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
3 Especialista en Neuropsicología Infantil. Asistente de investigación del Grupo de Medición y Evaluación Psicológica. Cali, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

El trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) es una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad en personas jóvenes en Colombia. Aquellos que logran sobrevivir a un TCE suelen quedar con secuelas de problemas cognitivos, emocionales y comportamentales que interfieren con su vida familiar, social y laboral. Pese a la importancia de estos problemas, no existen investigaciones en Colombia en esta área.

Objetivo

Determinar a largo plazo las alteraciones cognoscitivas, emocionales y neurocomportamentales de un grupo de pacientes con TCE de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia.

Método

A cada uno de los 60 participantes (30 sujetos con trauma de cráneo moderado y severo del Hospital Universitario del Valle y del Centro de Rehabilitación Neurológica Teravida y 30 controles) se le administró la batería neuropsicológica breve (Neuropsi) y el Inventario de Funcionamiento Neurocomportamental (IFN).

Resultados

Comparado con el grupo control, los pacientes con TCE presentaron puntuaciones significativamente más bajas en las pruebas de atención y concentración, memoria a corto y largo plazo, lenguaje y funciones ejecutivas, y más altas en depresión, síntomas somáticos y problemas de comunicación.

Conclusión

Los pacientes con TCE a largo plazo tienen no sólo dificultades cognitivas, sino síntomas depresivos, somáticos y problemas de comunicación, que señalan la necesidad de que reciban atención desde los servicios de salud en estas dos áreas (cognitivo y emocional-comportamental), involucrándolos en programas de rehabilitación cognoscitiva, psicoterapéuticos y psicoeducativos, que permitan mejorar la calidad de vida tanto de los pacientes como de sus familias.

Palabras clave:
traumatismos craneoencefálicos
evaluación de la discapacidad
complicaciones
Abstract
Introduction

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the primary causes of death and disability in Colombia. The objective of the present study was to determine the cognitive, emotional, and neurobehavioral functioning of a group of individuals with TBI in Cali, Colombia.

Method

A neuropsychologist administered a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation (Neuropsi) and the Spanish-language version of the Neurobehavioral Functional Inventory (NFI) to 30 individuals with TBI from Teravida Neurological Rehabilitation Center and del Valle University Hospital in Cali, Colombia and 30 healthy controls.

Results

Compared to controls, the patients scored significantly worse on attention, memory, executive functioning, and language tests. The patients scored significantly higher than controls on three sub-scales of the NFI: Depression, somatic symptoms, and communication problems.

Conclusion

Patients with long-term TBI not only have cognitive difficulties, but also depressive symptoms, somatic, and communication problems, which underlines the need for these patients to receive care from health services in these two areas (cognitive and emotional-behavioral), involving them in programs of cognitive rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and psychoeducation to improve the quality of life of the patients and their families.

Key words:
Brain injuries
disability evaluation
complications
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Articulo empírico. Línea de Investigación en Neurociencias y Neuropsicología del Grupo de Medición y Evaluación Psicológica de los proyectos “Utilidad de la Técnica de Autogeneración en pacientes con TCE para mejorar el aprendizaje y la memoria (Registro Institucional RII-193) y caracterización neuropsicología del trauma de cráneo en un grupo de personas de la ciudad de Cali-Colombia. (Registro Institucional RII-218)”, que recibió apoyo de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali.

Conflictos de interés: los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflicto de interés en este artículo.

Copyright © 2010. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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