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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Abuso de alcohol en niños y adolescentes escolarizados y factores asociados*
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Vol. 41. Issue 2.
Pages 273-283 (June 2012)
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Vol. 41. Issue 2.
Pages 273-283 (June 2012)
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Abuso de alcohol en niños y adolescentes escolarizados y factores asociados*
Alcohol Abuse and Associated Factors in Student Children and Adolescents
Visits
1033
Germán Eduardo Rueda-Jaimes1,
Corresponding author
gredu@unab.edu.co

Correspondencia: Germán Eduardo Rueda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Calle 157 No. 19-55 Cañaveral Parque, Bucaramanga, Colombia
, Jessica Liliana Pinto Ramírez2, Andrés Mauricio Rangel Martínez-Villalba3, Paul Anthony Camacho López4
1 Médico, profesor asociado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, director del Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
2 Médica, egresada de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
3 Médico, residente de segundo año, Universidad de Antioquia, investigador del Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
4 investigador invitado del Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Resumen
Introducción

Estudios previos han confirmado altas prevalencias de abuso de alcohol en adolescentes escolarizados de Bucaramanga; sin embargo, son escasos los estudios sobre factores asociados.

Objetivo

Evaluar la prevalencia del abuso de alcohol en niños y adolescentes escolarizados de Bucaramanga, Colombia, y sus factores asociados.

Metodología

Una muestra aleatoria de estudiantes adolescentes completó un cuestionario anónimo acerca del consumo de alcohol, sustancias ilegales y legales, el cuestionario CAGE y una serie de escalas y cuestionarios que evaluaban factores de riesgo para abuso de alcohol. Para ajustar por variables de confusión, se realizó un análisis multivariado mediante un modelo de regresión logística.

Resultados

Se encuestaron 2.916 estudiantes. La edad de la muestra estuvo entre 10 y 22 años, con una media de 14,4 años (DE = 1,65); 51,1% eran mujeres, 36% cursaban básica superior (10° y 11°), el 17,66 % en colegios privados. El patrón de consumo abusivo de alcohol medido por la escala del CAGE fue del 14,6% (IC95%; 13,3-16,0%). Los factores asociados fueron: edad (OR = 1,15, IC95% 1,04-1,27), tener un hermano consumidor de cigarrillo o alcohol (OR = 1,48, IC95% 1,01-1,17), comportamiento antisocial (OR = 3,03, IC95% 2,12-4,32), mejor amigo que consume sustancias ilícitas (OR = 1,71, IC95% 1,06-2,76), mejor amigo que fuma o consume alcohol (OR = 2,01, IC95% 1,40-2,88).

Conclusiones

Uno de cada siete estudiantes presentó un patrón de consumo abusivo de alcohol. La influencia de los amigos, la familia, la edad y el comportamiento antisocial fueron los factores asociados.

Palabras clave:
Abuso de alcohol
adolescentes
estudiantes
epidemiología
Abstract
Introduction

Previous studies have confirmed high prevalence of alcohol abuse in adolescent students from Bucaramanga, Colombia. However, few studies on the associated factors have been carried out.

Objective

Assessment of prevalence of alcohol abuse and associated factors in student children and adolescents from Bucaramanga.

Methodology

A random sample of adolescent students completed an anonymous questionnaire about the consumption of alcohol, illegal and legal substances, together with the CAGE questionnaire and a series of scales and questionnaires assessing risk factors for alcohol abuse. To adjust for confusing variables, a multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model.

Results

2916 students were surveyed with an average age between 10 and 22, and a mean of 14.4 years (SD 1.65), 51.1% were female, 36% were in the last two years of high school (10th and 11th grades), and 17.66% were in private schools. The alcohol abuse pattern as measured by the CAGE scale was 14.6% (95% CI, 13.3 – 16.0%). The associated factors were: age (OR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.04 – 1.27), having a smoking or consuming alcohol sibling (OR: 1.48, 95% CI, 1.01 – 1.17) antisocial behavior (OR 3.03, 95% CI, 2.12 – 4.32) and best friend who uses illicit substances (OR 1.71, 95% CI, 1.06 – 2.76), best friend who smokes or drinks alcohol (OR 2.01, 95% CI, 1.40 – 2.88).

Conclusions

One out of 7 students showed a pattern of alcohol abuse. The associated factors were the influence of friends, family, age and antisocial behavior.

Key words:
Alcohol abuse
adolescents
students
epidemiology
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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Trabajo producto del proceso de investigación formativa de la Facultad de Medicina, de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga.

Copyright © 2012. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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