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Vol. 61. Issue 3.
Pages 247-258 (May - June 2019)
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Vol. 61. Issue 3.
Pages 247-258 (May - June 2019)
Article from a resident
Role of imaging in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis
Papel de la imagen en el diagnóstico de la pancreatitis crónica
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44
J. Salvador García
Corresponding author
jaimesalvadorgarcia@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, F. Delgado Cordón
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
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Table 1. Aetiological classifications and risk factors for chronic pancreatitis.6,7
Table 2. Rosemont criteria for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis through endoscopic ultrasound.29
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Abstract

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive fibroinflammatory process in the pancreas that causes permanent structural damage and leads to a deterioration in exocrine and endocrine function. The appearance of flares of acute pancreatitis, pseudocysts, and inflammatory masses all form part of the natural history of this disease. Vascular and/or digestive complications may occur, and patients with chronic pancreatitis have an increased risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. For all these reasons, diagnostic tests that can detect chronic pancreatitis are necessary, especially in the early stages of the disease. We propose a diagnostic algorithm that should progress from noninvasive techniques to invasive procedures. Computed tomography can rule out other causes of abdominal pain and identify complications of pancreatitis. Magnetic resonance cholangiography can be the method of choice because it enables changes in the ducts to be assessed and might obviate the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. When the findings on imaging tests are normal but clinical suspicion persists, pancreatic function tests or endoscopic ultrasound should be considered.

Keywords:
Chronic pancreatitis
Diagnosis
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Resumen

La pancreatitis crónica es un proceso fibroinflamatorio progresivo del páncreas que produce un daño estructural permanente y condiciona un deterioro de la función exocrina y endocrina. La aparición de brotes de pancreatitis aguda, seudoquistes y masas inflamatorias forman parte de la historia de la enfermedad. Otras complicaciones son vasculares, digestivas o el riesgo aumentado de adenocarcinoma pancreático. Por todo ello, se requiere de pruebas diagnósticas capaces de detectarla, especialmente en las etapas iniciales de la enfermedad. Se propone un algoritmo diagnóstico que debe progresar desde técnicas no invasivas a procedimientos invasivos. La tomografía computarizada descarta otras causas de dolor abdominal e identifica complicaciones de la pancreatitis. La colangiografía por resonancia magnética puede ser la prueba de elección, ya que permite la evaluación de los cambios ductales y posiblemente evita la necesidad de una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. Cuando las pruebas de imagen son normales y persiste la sospecha clínica, deben considerarse las pruebas de función pancreática o una ecoendoscopia.

Palabras clave:
Pancreatitis crónica
Diagnóstico
Insuficiencia pancreática exocrina

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