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Vol. 64. Issue S1.
Breast radiology: New horizons in times of pandemics
Pages 28-36 (March 2022)
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Vol. 64. Issue S1.
Breast radiology: New horizons in times of pandemics
Pages 28-36 (March 2022)
Original articles
Preoperative axillary ultrasonography in patients with breast cancer: a prospective study to evaluate its ability to predict axillary tumor load
Ecografía axilar prequirúrgica en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Estudio prospectivo para valorar la capacidad de predecir la carga tumoral axilar
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P. Neira Vallejosa,
Corresponding author
pneira@clinicalascondes.cl

Corresponding author.
, B. Aguirre Donosoa, P. Arancibia Hernándeza, C. Behnke Arriagadaa, M. Jacard Cangasa, S. Torres Castrob, Á. Ibarra Valenciac, M. Castro Cruzd
a Departamento de Radiología, Clínica Las Condes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
b Departamento de Cirugía, Clínica Las Condes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
c Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Clínica Las Condes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
d Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Clinical and pathological characteristics of the study patients.
Table 2. Characteristics of the axilla on ultrasound and in surgery.
Table 3. Ability of axillary ultrasound to differentiate axillae with low tumour burden (0, 1 and 2 metastatic nodes) and axillae with high tumour burden (≥3 metastatic nodes).
Table 4. Diagnostic performance of axillary ultrasound with micrometastases.
Table 5. Diagnostic performance of axillary ultrasound without micrometastases.
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Special issue
This article is part of special issue:
Vol. 64. Issue S1

Breast radiology: New horizons in times of pandemics

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Abstract
Objective

This study aimed to determine the ability of axillary ultrasonography to predict the number of lymph nodes with metastases found in sentinel node axillary surgery or axillary lymph node resection in patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer after percutaneous biopsy.

Methods

This prospective study included patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer by percutaneous biopsy. Axillary lymph nodes were classified at ultrasound examination as suspicious or not suspicious, and the number of suspicious nodes was compared with the number classified as suspicious in the surgical specimen.

Results

We included 142 patients, 4 of whom had bilateral cancer; 133 of the 146 tumors were clinically classified as T1-T2 N0. The median number of suspicious lymph nodes at ultrasound was 2 (1–6), and the median number of suspicious lymph nodes in the surgical biopsy specimen was 1 (1–16); the difference was not significant (p = 0.1). The correlation between the number of positive lymph nodes on axillary ultrasound and the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the surgical specimen was 72.7% p = 0.0002 and the concordance was 79% (95%CI 62.4%–95.6%) p = 0.0001. For diagnosing high axillary tumor load (≥3 metastatic lymph nodes) versus low axillary tumor load (<3 metastatic lymph nodes), axillary ultrasound had 86.6% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 92% PPV, and 71.4% NPV.

Conclusion

Our results show that preoperative axillary ultrasound can differentiate between low and high tumor load and can be used as a tool to select the type of treatment. These results need to be confirmed in randomized multicenter studies.

Keywords:
Axilla
Ultrasound
Breast cancer
Axillary staging
Axillary tumor load
Resumen
Objetivo

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la capacidad del ultrasonido axilar para predecir el número de ganglios con metástasis encontrados en la cirugía axilar de ganglio centinela o linfadenectomía axilar, en pacientes con diagnóstico reciente de cáncer de mama efectuado por biopsia percutánea.

Métodos

Estudio prospectivo que incluyó pacientes diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama infiltrante mediante biopsia percutánea, que fueron evaluadas con ultrasonido axilar, caracterizando los ganglios en no sospechosos o sospechosos, cuantificando estos últimos y comparando este número con el resultado patológico de la cirugía axilar.

Resultados

fueron incluidas 142 pacientes, cuatro de ellas con cáncer bilateral. Ciento treinta y tres de los 146 tumores se presentaron clínicamente como T1-T2 N0. La mediana de ganglios sospechosos en ultrasonido fue de 2 (1-6) y la mediana de ganglios sospechosos resultantes en la biopsia quirúrgica fue de 1 (1-16), sin diferencia significativa (p = 0,1). La correlación entre el número de ganglios positivos encontrados por ultrasonido axilar y el número de ganglios axilares metastásicos hallados en cirugía fue del 72,7% (p = 0,0002), y la concordancia del 79% (IC95% 62,4-95,6%; p = 0,0001). La sensibilidad del ultrasonido axilar para diagnosticar alta carga tumoral axilar, con tres o más ganglios metastásicos versus baja carga tumoral, con 0, 1 o 2 ganglios metastásicos, fue del 86,6%; la especificidad, del 83,3%; el valor predictivo positivo, del 92%, y valor predictivo negativo del 71,4%.

Conclusión

Nuestros resultados muestran que el ultrasonido axilar dirigido antes de la cirugía es capaz de diferenciar entre una axila de baja carga tumoral y una de alta carga tumoral, y puede ser usado como una herramienta para seleccionar qué tipo de tratamiento elegir, lo que debe ser demostrado en estudios aleatorizados multiinstitucionales.

Palabras clave:
Axila
Ultrasonido
Cáncer de mama
Etapificación axilar
Carga tumoral axilar

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