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Vol. 61. Issue 1.
Pages 66-81 (January - February 2019)
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Vol. 61. Issue 1.
Pages 66-81 (January - February 2019)
Series: Correlation of clinical and imaging findings and clinical aspects in neuroradiology
Neuroimaging in dementia. Clinical–radiological correlation
Neuroimagen en demencia. Correlación clínico-radiológica
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97
J. Álvarez-Linera Pradoa,
Corresponding author
jalinera@ruberinternacional.es

Corresponding author.
, A. Jiménez-Hueteb
a Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
b Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
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Table 1. Aetiological classification of dementias. The main causes of each category are shown.
Table 2. Magnetic resonance protocol in a patient with dementia.
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Abstract

Dementia is a syndrome characterised by chronic, multi-domain, acquired cognitive impairment that causes significant functional limitations. MRI is the standard imaging study for these cases, since it enables detection of the atrophy patterns of the various neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal degeneration, Lewy body dementia), the vascular lesions associated with vascular dementia, and various potentially reversible diseases (for example, tumours, hydrocephaly) or diseases that require special management measures (for example, prion diseases). In certain cases other imaging methods can be used, such as CT, functional MRI, HMPAO SPECT or dopaminergic markers and FDG PET, amyloid markers or dopaminergic markers. The indications for these methods have not yet been clearly established, and therefore should be used in multidisciplinary dementia units.

Keywords:
Dementia
MRI
Perfusion
PET
Resumen

La demencia es un síndrome caracterizado por un deterioro cognitivo crónico, adquirido, multidominio y que produce limitaciones funcionales significativas. La RM estructural es el estudio de imagen de elección en estos casos, dado que permite detectar los patrones de atrofia propios de las distintas enfermedades neurodegenerativas (enfermedad de Alzheimer, degeneración frontotemporal, demencia con cuerpos de Lewy), las lesiones vasculares asociadas a las demencias vasculares y varias patologías potencialmente reversibles (p.ej. tumores, hidrocefalia) o que requieren medidas de manejo especiales (p.ej. enfermedades priónicas). En casos seleccionados pueden utilizarse otros métodos de imagen, tales como la TC, la RM funcional, el SPECT con HMPAO o marcadores dopaminérgicos y el PET con FDG, marcadores de amiloide o marcadores dopaminérgicos. Las indicaciones de estos métodos no están aún bien establecidas, con lo que conviene utilizarlos en el contexto de unidades de demencia multidisciplinares.

Palabras clave:
Demencia
RM
Perfusión
PET

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