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Radiología (English Edition) Acute aortic syndrome: What do you need to know?
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Vol. 67. Issue 4.
(July - August 2025)
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Vol. 67. Issue 4.
(July - August 2025)
Update in Radiology
Acute aortic syndrome: What do you need to know?
Síndrome aórtico agudo ¿qué necesitas saber?
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88
S. Pereiro Pérez
Corresponding author
samupereiro@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, S. Lojo-Lendoiro, M. Pérez Costas, A. Robles Gómez, S. García Benito, P. Rodríguez Fernández
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Abstract

Acute aortic syndrome is a potentially fatal clinical entity that encompasses different pathologies affecting the wall of the aorta: aortic dissection, intramural haematoma, penetrating aortic ulcer and other less common entities. All are characterised by the sudden onset of thoracic-abdominal pain and all share similar features, preventing differentiation. Computed tomography plays a crucial role in the diagnostic process, enabling a rapid and accurate assessment and contributing to early therapeutic management.

This article reviews the main entities that make up acute aortic syndrome, their aetiologies, pathophysiology and characteristic radiological findings. Imaging tests are mainly used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the location and extent as well as possible complications.

Keywords:
Blood pool
Aortic dissection
Aortic intramural hematoma
Aortic rupture
Acute aortic syndrome
Ulcer-like projection
Penetrating aortic ulcer
Resumen

El síndrome aórtico agudo es una entidad clínica potencialmente mortal que engloba diferentes patologías que afectan a la pared de la arteria aorta: la disección aórtica, el hematoma intramural, la úlcera aórtica penetrante y otras entidades menos habituales. Todas ellas se caracterizan por un cuadro de dolor tóraco-abdominal de instauración súbita con características similares, que no permite diferenciarlas. La tomografía computarizada, juega un papel crucial en el proceso diagnóstico, permitiendo una valoración rápida y precisa, contribuyendo a un precoz manejo terapéutico.

En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de las principales entidades que componen el síndrome aórtico agudo, sus etiologías, fisiopatología y los hallazgos radiológicos característicos. El objetivo principal de las pruebas de imagen es confirmar el diagnóstico, determinando la localización, extensión y posibles complicaciones.

Palabras clave:
Acúmulo de contraste
Disección aórtica
Hematoma intramural aórtico
Rotura aórtica
Síndrome aórtico agudo
Proyección simuladora de úlcera
Úlcera aórtica penetrante

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