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Vol. 55. Issue 1.
Pages 37-45 (January - February 2013)
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Vol. 55. Issue 1.
Pages 37-45 (January - February 2013)
Original article
Analysis of the appropriateness of the clinical indications for neuroimaging studies
Análisis de la adecuación de las indicaciones clínicas en los estudios de neurorradiología
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A. Paniagua Bravo
Corresponding author
alvpaniagua@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, J.C. Albillos Merino, L. Ibáñez Sanz, I. Alba de Cáceres
Unidad Central de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Diagnostic groups established based on a modified ICD-10 classification, used for the assessment of the imaging studies performed according to the clinical indication.
Table 2. Criteria used for the classifications based on the levels of indication (indicated, specialized investigation, not indicated initially and not indicated routinely) and the degree of scientific evidence (A, B or C) stated in the Referral Guidelines for Imaging.
Table 3. Level of indication designated by the Referral Guidelines for Imaging for those clinical indications with the highest volume of neuroimaging studies performed in our centre.
Table 4. Number and percentage of tests performed during the study period for each type of examination according to the clinical indication groups established.
Table 5. Absolute numbers and percentage of pathological examinations for each group of clinical indication established in three hospitals with similar characteristics. The number of cases is 30 or greater for each clinical indication.
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Abstract
Objectives

To determine the most common clinical indications for different diagnostic neuroimaging tests. To analyze the diagnostic yield for each type of test in function of its clinical indication. To quantify the number of additional imaging tests generated as a consequence of pathological findings on the initial study or of the physician's requesting an inappropriate study.

Material and methods

We reviewed the clinical indications and radiological report for computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the brain, head, and neck carried out during a 30-day period in three intermediate level hospitals with similar characteristics. We counted the studies with pathological findings and those with normal findings. We recorded cases that required additional imaging studies.

Results

CT and MRI studies of the brain are the most frequently requested neuroimaging studies. The most common indications for examinations requested from the neurology department were headache, head trauma, and acute neurological deficit. The most common indication for examinations requested from the ear, nose, and throat department was hearing loss. The percentage of examinations with pathological findings ranged from 6% to 71% depending on the clinical indication. Additional imaging studies were necessary in 3.5% of the cases.

Conclusions

Most neuroimaging studies are performed for especially prevalent clinical indications; however, in many cases the degree of concordance between the clinical and radiological diagnosis shows there is much room for improvement.

Keywords:
Neuroradiology
Criteria for appropriateness
Imaging tests
Resumen
Objetivos

Conocer las indicaciones clínicas más frecuentes que dan lugar a las distintas pruebas diagnósticas en neurorradiología. Analizar para cada tipo de exploración la rentabilidad diagnóstica de la prueba solicitada según la indicación clínica. Cuantificar el número de exploraciones radiológicas adicionales generadas como consecuencia de la detección de patología en el estudio inicial o de la solicitud de una exploración inadecuada por parte del médico peticionario.

Material y métodos

Se ha revisado la indicación clínica y el informe radiológico de las exploraciones de tomografía computarizada (TC) y resonancia magnética (RM) de cerebro, cabeza y cuello realizadas durante un período de 30 días en tres hospitales de nivel intermedio de similares características. Se contabilizan los estudios que presentan hallazgos patológicos y los normales. Se recogen aquellos casos que precisaron de algún estudio radiológico adicional.

Resultados

La TC de cerebro y la RM cerebral son las exploraciones más solicitadas. En el área de neurología son la cefalea, el traumatismo craneoencefálico y el déficit neurológico agudo las indicaciones que justifican la mayoría de los estudios. En el área otorrinolaringológica, la pérdida de audición es la indicación de mayor demanda. El porcentaje de exploraciones patológicas oscila entre el 6 y el 71% según la indicación clínica. En un 3,5% de los casos se precisaron exploraciones radiológicas adicionales.

Conclusiones

La mayoría de las exploraciones neurorradiológicas derivan de un grupo de indicaciones clínicas especialmente prevalentes; sin embargo, en muchos casos el grado de concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico y el radiológico presenta un amplio margen de mejora.

Palabras clave:
Neurorradiología
Criterios de adecuación
Pruebas radiológicas

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