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Vol. 26. Issue 2.
Pages 111-117 (January 2011)
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Vol. 26. Issue 2.
Pages 111-117 (January 2011)
Review Article
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Oral laquinimod treatment in multiple sclerosis
Tratamiento oral con laquinimod en la esclerosis múltiple
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1873
O. Fernández
Instituto de Neurociencias Clínicas, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, probably of autoimmune origin. Its early treatment with interferon beta or glatiramer acetate reduces the number of exacerbations, slows disability progression and improves the quality of life, but these treatments are only partially effective and require parenteral administration.

Aim

To review current experience with laquinimod as a novel immunomodulatory therapy for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Development

Laquinimod is a new quinolone-carboxamide that has shown efficacy in various animal models of autoimmune disease, including MS. Laquinimod shows immunomodulatory effects, probably through Th1/Th2 shift, but does not lead to immunosuppression. Laquinimod is metabolised primarily by the CYP3A4 enzyme in the liver. Phase II studies in RRMS demonstrate a dose-response effect on disease activity, measured by the number of active lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging, and show favourable tolerability and safety based on clinical and laboratory indicators. Two Phase III studies currently in progress are evaluating the efficacy of laquinimod 0.6mg/day in RRMS. The drug was granted a fast track review by the FDA in 2009.

Conclusions

Laquinimod is a novel, orally administered immunomodulator that has advanced to phase III study, a pre-submission stage to the regulatory agencies, and may become an alternative to the current injectable first-line treatments for RRMS.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosis
Immunomodulator
Laquinimod
Oral Treatments
Resumen
Introducción

La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad crónica del sistema nervioso central de probable origen autoinmune. Su tratamiento temprano con interferón beta o acetato de glatirámero reduce el número de brotes y la progresión de la discapacidad, y mejora la calidad de vida, sin embargo, estos tratamientos son efectivos sólo parcialmente y requieren administración parenteral.

Objetivo

Revisar la situación actual de laquinimod como tratamiento inmunomodulador oral para la EM recurrente-remitente (EMRR).

Desarrollo

Laquinimod es una nueva quinolonecarboxamida que ha demostrado eficacia en modelos animales de varias enfermedades autoinmunes, incluyendo la EM. Muestra efectos inmunomoduladores, probablemente a través de la alteración del balance Th1/Th2, y no conduce a la inmunosupresión. Se metaboliza en el hígado, principalmente por la vía del CYP3A4. Los estudios de fase II en EMRR han demostrado un efecto dosis-respuesta de laquinimod sobre la actividad de la enfermedad, medida por el número de lesiones activas en la resonancia magnética cerebral, y muestran una tolerabilidad y seguridad favorables, basadas en indicadores clínicos y de laboratorio. En la actualidad, se está evaluando la eficacia de laquinimod en dos estudios de fase III en la EMRR, usando la dosis de 0,6 mg/día. Se ha concedido al fármaco la categoría de revisión rápida (fast track) por la FDA en 2009.

Conclusiones

Laquinimod es un inmunomodulador nuevo, administrado por vía oral, que ha pasado a la etapa de estudio en fase III, previo a su evaluación por las agencias reguladoras y podría ser una alternativa a los actuales tratamientos inyectables de primera línea para la EMRR.

Palabras clave:
Esclerosis múltiple
Inmunomodulador
Laquinimod
Tratamientos orales
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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