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Vol. 26. Issue 5.
Pages 285-290 (January 2011)
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Vol. 26. Issue 5.
Pages 285-290 (January 2011)
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Levetiracetam efficacy in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Presentation of a case
Eficacia del levetiracetam en pacientes con síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut. Presentación de un caso
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A. Díaz Negrilloa,
Corresponding author
antoniodnegrillo@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, F. Martín del Valleb, M. González Salaicesa, C. Prieto Jurczynskaa, J. Carneado Ruiza
a Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
b Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is one of the most severe epileptic encephalopathies of childhood, characterized by electro-clinical triad of generalized peak-slow wave activity (PSW) in the electroencephalogram (EEG), multiple types of seizures and development delay. This paper intends to describe the syndrome in a patient with a history of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and a good response to treatment with levetiracetam (LEV).

Method

Descriptive study on the development of a 3 year old child with intrauterine asphyxia, multi-organ failure, metabolic acidosis, hypovolaemic shock, and seizures with cerebral oedema, who developed a West syndrome, resistant to drug treatment. The semiology of seizures progressively changed to generalized episodes of hypertonia and myoclonus, with slow spike-wave electroencephalographic activity.

Results

With the diagnosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome the patient was treated with levetiracetam, showing a substantial improvement in the cognitive sphere, in the control of seizures, and electroencephalographic findings.

Conclusions

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is one of the most severe epileptic syndromes in paediatric patients. Levetiracetam can help cognitive improvement, and contribute to seizure control in these patients.

Keywords:
Childhood
Epilepsy
Electroencephalogram
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Levetiracetam
Resumen
Introducción

El síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut (SLG) es una de las encefalopatías epilépticas más severas de la infancia, caracterizada por la tríada electroclínica de actividad generalizada de punta onda lenta (POL) en el electroencefalograma (EEG), múltiples tipos de crisis epilépticas y retraso mental. Con este trabajo pretendemos describir el cuadro sindrómico en un paciente con antecedente de encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica y SLG, y su respuesta al tratamiento con levetiracetam (LEV).

Método

Estudio descriptivo evolutivo de un niño de 3 años con antecedentes obstétricos de asfixia intrauterina y repercusión multiorgánica, acidosis metabólica, shock hipovolémico y crisis convulsivas con edema cerebral que a los pocos meses de edad desarrolla un síndrome de West, resistente al tratamiento farmacológico. Progresivamente, la semiología de las crisis cambia a episodios de hipertonía generalizada y mioclonías, con actividad electroencefalográfica de punta-onda lenta.

Resultados

Con el diagnóstico de SLG se inicia tratamiento con LEV, observándose una mejoría sustancial en la esfera cognitiva, en el control de las crisis, y en los hallazgos electroencefalográficos.

Conclusiones

El SLG es uno de los síndromes epilépticos más graves en los pacientes pediátricos, tanto por su semiología como por su farmacorresistencia. El levetiracetam puede producir una mejoría cognitiva, además de contribuir al control de las crisis en estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Infancia
Epilepsia
Electroencefalograma
Síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut
Levetiracetam
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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