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Vol. 26. Issue 5.
Pages 291-296 (January 2011)
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Vol. 26. Issue 5.
Pages 291-296 (January 2011)
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Late onset multiple sclerosis
Esclerosis múltiple de comienzo tardío
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M. Arias
Corresponding author
mariasg@meditex.es

Corresponding author.
, D. Dapena, S. Arias-Rivas, E. Costa, A. López, J.M. Prieto, E. Corredera
Servicio de Neurología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Late onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS) is an unusual entity, poorly characterized and difficult to diagnose.

Objective

To study a series of patients with LOMS (presentation of the first symptom of disease after the age of 50 years).

Patients and methods

In this retrospective study we review demographic characteristics, first onset symptom, diagnostic delay, disability at the time of diagnosis (EDSS), disease course and findings in CSF, VEP and MRI studies.

Results

We included 18 patients (12 F and 6 M) with LOMS (4.8% of the total). The most frequent first symptoms were motor deficits (33%), multisystem deficits (33%) and cerebellum disorder (16%). Clinical course (all the cases with a minimal follow-up of 5 years after the diagnosis): primary progressive-MS (62%), secondary progressive MS (22%), relapsing-remitting MS (16%). The initial EDSS score was higher than 4 points in one third of patients and diagnosis delay was over 5 years in two thirds of cases. The cerebral MRI study was abnormal and compatible with MS in all patients and fulfilled the Barkhof criteria in 12 cases (67%). IgG oligoclonal bands were positive in 64% of patients in the CSF study and VEP were abnormal in 73%. The most frequent wrong diagnoses were cerebrovascular disorders and spondyloarthritic cervical myelopathy.

Conclusions

LOMS course is often primary, progressive and motor and multisystem symptoms are the most frequent. The diagnosis is usually delayed and when it is made patients have a high disability score. The findings of cerebral and spinal MRI, CSF and VEP studies are of high diagnostic yield. Cerebrovascular disorders and spondyloarthritic cervical myelopathy are the most important entities in the differential diagnosis of LOMS.

Keywords:
Late onset MS
Demographic characteristics
Magnetic resonance imaging
Cerebrospinal fluid
Visual evocated potentials
Long onset multiple sclerosis clinical course
Resumen
Introducción

La esclerosis múltiple de comienzo tardío (EMCT) es una entidad infrecuente y no bien caracterizada, que suele plantear dificultades diagnósticas.

Objetivos

Estudio retrospectivo de una serie hospitalaria de EMCT (primer síntoma a partir de los 50 años).

Pacientes y métodos

Se estudiaron factores demográficos, síntomas iniciales, retraso diagnóstico, grado de discapacidad en el momento del diagnóstico, formas clínicas evolutivas y hallazgos en estudios de LCR, PEV y RM.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 18 pacientes (12 mujeres y 6 varones) con EMCT (4,8% del total de la serie estudiada). Los síntomas iniciales mas frecuentes fueron déficits motores (33%), de afectación de múltiples sistemas (33%) y cerebelosos (16%). Las formas clínicas evolutivas (todos los casos con un seguimento mínimo de 5 años tras el diagnóstico) fueron: EM-PP (62%), EM-SP (22%) y EM-RR (16%). La EDSS en el momento del diagnóstico era superior a 4 en un tercio de los pacientes; el retraso diagnóstico superó los 5 años en dos tercios de los casos. El estudio de RM cerebral resultó anormal y compatible con EM en todos los pacientes y cumplía criterios de Barkhof en 12 (67%). Las BOC resultaron positivas en el 64% de los pacientes en los que fueron determinadas; los PEV estaban alterados en el 73% de los casos estudiados. Los diagnósticos erróneos previos mas frecuentes fueron patología cerebrovascular y mielopatía espondiloartrósica cervical.

Conclusiones

La EMCT suele manifestarse con déficits motores o de múltiples sistemas, que progresan desde su inicio; se diagnostica con retraso, cuando hay ya un grado de discapacidad importante. El estudio de RM cerebral y medular, en conjunción con los PEV y BOC en el LCR facilita su diagnóstico. Patología cerebrovascular isquémica y mielopatía cervical son los diagnósticos erróneos más habituales.

Palabras clave:
Esclerosis múltiple de inicio tardío
Factores demográficos
Resonancia magnética
Líquido cefalorraquídeo
Potenciales evocados visuales
Formas clínicas evolutivas de esclerosis múltiple
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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