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Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 166-172 (January 2011)
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Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 166-172 (January 2011)
Original Article
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Impulse control disorders and punding in Parkinson's disease: The need for a structured interview
Trastornos del control de los impulsos y punding en la enfermedad de Parkinson: la necesidad de una entrevista estructurada
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A. Ávilaa,
Corresponding author
, X. Cardonab, J. Belloa, P. Mahoa, F. Sastreb, M. Martín-Baranerac
a Unidad de Neurología, Hospital General de l’Hospitalet, Consorci Sanitari Integral, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
b Unidad de Psiquiatría, Hospital General de l’Hospitalet, Consorci Sanitari Integral, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
c Unidad de Epidemiología, Hospital General de l’Hospitalet, Consorci Sanitari Integral, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Impulse control disorders (ICD), including hypersexuality, compulsive gambling, buying, eating, shopping and dopaminergic medication use, have been reported to occur frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). Punding (complex, repetitive, excessive, non-goal oriented behaviours) has also been described. As patients may not report such behaviours to their neurologist. ICD and punding appear to be under-recognised in clinical practice.

Method

We prospectively screened 216 consecutive patients (102 men, age 77±5 years) with idiopathic PD. Patients and their caregivers were encouraged to complete a questionnaire with six questions on symptoms related to ICD and punding. In addition, we obtained a random sample matched by age and sex of 216 patients with idiopathic PD, and retrospective analysis of symptoms related to ICD and punding who had been referred spontaneously.

Results

Only 20 cases (9.26%) of 216 patients with PD who answered the questionnaire prospectively presented ICD and / or punding, some involving more than one type of repetitive behaviour and reward-seeking: 7 hypersexuality (3.24%), 2 pathological gambling (0.93%), 4 compulsive buying (1.85%), 2 compulsive eating (0.93%), 8 punding (3.70%) and 1 abuse of medication (0.46%). Of the retrospective sample of 216 age- and gender-matched patients, only 5 (2.31%) had spontaneously mentioned these symptoms: 2 hypersexuality (0.93%), 2 pathological gambling (0.93%) and 1 punding (0.46%).

Conclusions

Patients with PD do not spontaneously admit the presence of ICD or punding and these behaviours appear to be under-recognised in clinical practice. A screening questionnaire is needed to ensure their detection.

Keywords:
Parkinson's disease
Impulse control disorders
Punding
Resumen
Introducción

Los trastornos del control de impulsos (TCI) que incluyen hipersexualidad, ludopatía, compulsión por comer, comprar y consumir fármacos dopaminérgicos, han sido descritos en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) así como el punding (comportamiento estereotipado que comprende rituales motores automáticos, sin finalidad). Dado que los pacientes no suelen referir a su neurólogo estas conductas, el TCI y el punding están infradiagnosticados en la práctica clínica.

Método

Prospectivamente a 216 pacientes consecutivos (102 hombres, edad media 77±5 años) con EP idiopática se les preguntó sistemáticamente sobre síntomas relacionados con TCI y punding. Además, se obtuvo una muestra al azar apareada por edad y sexo, de 216 pacientes con EP idiopática, y se revisó retrospectivamente la presencia de síntomas relacionados con TCI y punding que habían sido referidos espontáneamente.

Resultados

Veinte casos (9,26%) de 216 pacientes con EP que contestaron el cuestionario de forma prospectiva presentaron TCI y/o punding, algunos de ellos con más de un tipo de conducta repetitiva: 7 hipersexualidad (3,24%), 2 ludopatía (0,93%), 4 compra compulsiva (1,85%), 2 atracones (0,93%), 8 punding (3,70%) y uno abuso de medicación (0,46%). De la muestra retrospectiva de 216 pacientes apareados por edad y sexo, sólo 5 pacientes (2,31%) habían referido de forma espontánea estos síntomas: 2 hipersexualidad (0,93%), 2 juego patológico (0,93%) y uno punding (0,46%).

Conclusiones

:Los pacientes con EP no admiten espontáneamente la presencia de TCI y punding, por lo que estas conductas están infradiagnosticadas. Para garantizar su detección es necesaria la realización de una entrevista dirigida.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Parkinson
Trastorno del control de los impulsos
Comportamiento estereotipado
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This work has been partially presented in poster format at the 13th National Meeting on Psychiatry, Madrid 2009.

Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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