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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 27-31 (January - February 2010)
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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 27-31 (January - February 2010)
Original Article
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Freezing of gait unresponsive to dopaminergic stimulation in patients with severe Parkinsonism
Bloqueos de la marcha sin respuesta al estímulo dopaminérgico con apomorfina en pacientes parkinsonianos grave
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J. Vaamonde Gamo
Corresponding author
juliavaamonde@hotmail.com

Author for correspondence.
, J.P. Cabello, M.J. Gallardo Alcañiz, J.M. Flores Barragan, S. Carrasco García de León, R.E. Ibañez Alonso
Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Freezing of gait unresponsive to dopaminergic stimulation in patients with severe Parkinsonism. The freezing of gait episodes (FOG) normally appear during the “off” period and generally improve with dopaminergic stimulus, at the same time as improving other Parkinsonian symptoms.

Patients and methods

We report a group of 10 patients with severe Parkinson's disease. All patients suffered motor fluctuations, dyskinesias and episodes of FOG during the “on” and “off” state. The patients received a subcutaneous apomorphine bolus, without other dopaminergic medication; an effective dose of apomorphine was considered as one that induced a reduction of at least a 60% in the UPDRS motor scale.

Results

The baseline motor UPDRS was 61.3±4.7, which dropped to 21±4.3 after the apomorphine injection. The mean dose of apomorphine was 5.5mg (3–7mg). The bolus of apomorphine improved the parameters of the gait related to bradykinesia and the tapping tests of the limbs, but the episodes of FOG did not vary significantly between the “off” and “on” state.

Conclusions

We present a group of 10 patients with freezing of gait episodes that did not improve with treatment and persisted during the “on” period induced by dopaminergic stimulus with apomorphine.

Keywords:
Parkinson's disease
Freezing
Apomorphine
Resumen
Introducción

Los episodios de congelación de la marcha (CDM) normalmente aparecen durante el “off” y en general mejoran con tratamiento dopaminérgico a la par que mejoran otros síntomas parkinsonianos.

Pacientes y métodos

Presentamos un grupo de 10 pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson de larga evolución con episodios de CDM. Todos los pacientes presentaban las complicaciones motrices habituales tras años de enfermedad y tratamiento. En todos los pacientes, el síntoma más incapacitante era la aparición de episodios de CDM (freezing) durante el “on”. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a un test agudo de apomorfina por vía subcutánea; se consideró dosis eficaz la que inducía la reducción de al menos un 60% en la escala de motricidad de la UPDRS.

Resultados

La UPDRS-III basal fue de 61,3±4,7, que se reducía a 21±4,3 tras la inyección de apomorfina s.c. a una dosis media de 5,5mg (intervalo, 3–7mg). Durante el “on” inducido por la inyección s.c. de apomorfina mejoraron los parámetros de la marcha relacionados con la bradicinesia, así como el tapping, también en extremidades inferiores, pero los episodios de CDM no variaron de forma significativa.

Conclusiones

Presentamos un grupo de 10 pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson de larga evolución con episodios de CDM que persistían durante el “on, sin respuesta al estímulo dopaminérgico.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Parkinson
Bloqueos de la marcha
Apomorfina
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