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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Influence of weather factors on the incidence of COVID-19 in Spain
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Vol. 159. Issue 6.
Pages 255-261 (September 2022)
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Vol. 159. Issue 6.
Pages 255-261 (September 2022)
Original article
Influence of weather factors on the incidence of COVID-19 in Spain
Influencia de los factores meteorológicos en la incidencia de COVID-19 en España
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7
Carmen Valeroa,
Corresponding author
mirvdc@humv.es

Corresponding author.
, Raquel Barbab, Daniel Pablo Marcosa, Nuria Puentea, José Antonio Rianchoa, Ana Santurtúnb
a Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
b Unidad de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Several studies have analyzed the influence of meteorological and geographical factors on the incidence of COVID-19. Seasonality could be important in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to evaluate the geographical pattern of COVID-19 in Spain and its relationship with different meteorological variables.

Methods

A provincial ecological study analyzing the influence of meteorological and geographical factors on the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the 52 (24 coastal and 28 inland) Spanish provinces during the first three waves was carried out. The cumulative incidence was calculated with data from the National Statistical Institute (INE) and the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE), while the meteorological variables were obtained from the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET).

Results

The total cumulative incidence, in all three waves, was lower in the coastal provinces than in the inland ones (566 ± 181 vs. 782 ± 154; P = 2.5 × 10−5). The cumulative incidence correlated negatively with mean air temperature (r = −0.49; P = 2.2 × 10−4) and rainfall (r = −0.33; P = .01), and positively with altitude (r = 0.56; P = 1.4 × 10−5). The Spanish provinces with an average temperature <10 °C had almost twice the cumulative incidence than the provinces with temperatures >16 °C. The mean air temperature and rainfall were associated with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19, regardless of other factors (Beta Coefficient of −0.62; P = 3.7 × 10−7 and −0.47; P = 4.2 × 10−5 respectively)

Conclusions

Meteorological and geographical factors could influence the evolution of the pandemic in Spain. Knowledge regarding the seasonality of the virus would help to predict new waves of COVID-19 infections

Keywords:
COVID-19
Meteorological factors
Temperature
Altitude
Resumen
Introducción

Varios estudios han analizado la influencia de factores meteorológicos y geográficos en la incidencia de COVID-19. La estacionalidad podría tener importancia en la transmisión de SARS-CoV-2. Nuestro estudio evalúa el patrón geográfico de la COVID-19 en España y su relación con las distintas variables meteorológicas.

Métodos

Estudio ecológico a escala provincial que analiza la influencia de factores meteorológicos y geográficos en la incidencia acumulada de COVID-19 en las 52 provincias españolas (24 costeras y 28 del interior) durante las tres primeras olas. La incidencia acumulada se calculó con los datos del Instituto Nacional Estadística (INE) y la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE), las variables meteorológicas se obtuvieron de la Agencia estatal de meteorología (AEMET).

Resultados

La incidencia acumulada total, en los tres periodos, fue menor en las provincias costeras que en las del interior (566 ± 181 vs. 782 ± 154; P = 2,5 × 10−5). La incidencia acumulada correlacionó negativamente con la temperatura media (r = −0,49; P = 2,2 × 10−4) y las precipitaciones (r = −0,33; P = ,01), y positivamente con la altitud (r = 0,56; P = 1,4 × 10−5). Las provincias españolas con una temperatura media <10 °C tuvieron casi el doble de incidencia acumulada que las provincias con temperaturas >16 °C. La temperatura media y las precipitaciones fueron las variables asociadas con la incidencia acumulada provincial de COVID-19, con independencia de otros factores (Coeficiente Beta de −0,62; P = 3,7 × 10−7 y −0,47; P = 4,2 × 10−5 respectivamente).

Conclusiones

Los factores meteorológicos y geográficos podrían influir en la evolución de la pandemia en España. El reconocimiento de la estacionalidad del COVID-19 ayudaría a predecir nuevas olas.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Factores meteorológicos
Temperatura
Altitud

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