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Vol. 162. Issue 7.
Pages 321-327 (April 2024)
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Vol. 162. Issue 7.
Pages 321-327 (April 2024)
Original article
Impact of Mediterranean diet in lowering risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study
Impacto de la dieta mediterránea en la reducción del riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus gestacional: estudio transversal
Tuğçe Odabaşa, Ozan Odabaşb, Reci Meseric,
Corresponding author
a Ege University Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Chronic Diseases, İzmir, Turkey
b University of Health Sciences, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Izmir, Turkey
c Ege University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, İzmir, Turkey
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Tables (5)
Table 1. OGTT results of pregnant women.
Table 2. The relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and GDM.
Table 3. Relationship between obstetric history and GDM.
Table 4. The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and GDM.
Table 5. Factors associated with GDM.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

The prevalence of gestational diabetes is increasing, and the Mediterranean diet is highly recommended for health. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and methods

In this cross-sectional study the presence of GDM is the dependent variable, and socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics and adherence to the Mediterranean diet are the independent variables in this study, which was carried out in pregnant women who were 24–28 weeks pregnant and had Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, weight and height measurements of the pregnant women were made, and the diagnosis of GDM was made with OGTT.

Results

Two hundred and seven pregnant women participated in the study and 85 of them (41.1%) were diagnosed as GDM. According to Logistic Regression models, age (OR: 1.088, 95% CI: 1.031–1.149) and infertility treatment (OR: 4.570, 95% CI: 1.443–14.474) significantly increased the occurrence of GDM, while adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 0.683, 95% CI: 0.568–0.820) significantly reduced the risk.

Conclusions

Nearly two-fifths of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM while only one-fourth complied with a Mediterranean diet. The increase in the frequency of GDM should be carefully monitored. It may be useful to detect risky pregnant women at the time of the first diagnosis, to measure their glucose levels, and to give suggestions about the Mediterranean diet in the early period.

Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Mediterranean diet
Pregnancy
Infertility treatment
Obesity
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La prevalencia de diabetes gestacional está aumentando y la dieta mediterránea es muy recomendable para la salud. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la relación entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG).

Materiales y métodos

En este estudio transversal la presencia de DMG es la variable dependiente, y las características sociodemográficas y antropométricas y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea son las variables independientes de este estudio, que se llevó a cabo en mujeres embarazadas de 24-28semanas de gestación a las que se les realizó el Test de Tolerancia Oral a la Glucosa (TTOG). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se evaluó con la Escala de Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale [MEDAS]). Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas cara a cara, se midió el peso y la talla de las embarazadas y se diagnosticó la DMG con el TTOG.

Resultados

Un total de 207 embarazadas participaron en el estudio, y 85 de ellas (41,1%) fueron diagnosticadas de DMG. Según los modelos de regresión logística, la edad (OR: 1,088; IC95%: 1,031-1,149) y el tratamiento de la infertilidad (OR: 4,570; IC95%: 1,443-14,474) aumentaron significativamente la aparición de DMG, mientras que la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (OR: 0,683; IC95%: 0,568-0,820) redujo significativamente el riesgo.

Conclusiones

Casi dos quintas partes de las embarazadas fueron diagnosticadas de DMG, mientras que solo una cuarta parte cumplían con la dieta mediterránea. Debe vigilarse atentamente el aumento de la frecuencia de la DMG. Puede ser útil detectar a las embarazadas de riesgo en el momento del primer diagnóstico, medir sus niveles de glucosa y dar sugerencias sobre la dieta mediterránea en el periodo inicial.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus gestacional
Dieta mediterránea
Embarazo
Tratamiento de la infertilidad
Obesidad

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