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Vol. 160. Issue 10.
Pages 450-455 (May 2023)
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Vol. 160. Issue 10.
Pages 450-455 (May 2023)
Review
Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic trauma
Diagnóstico y tratamiento del traumatismo de páncreas
Valentina García Reyes, Bruno Scarlatto, William Manzanares
Corresponding author
wmanzanares@adinet.com.uy

Corresponding author.
Cátedra de Medicina Intensiva, Centro de Tratamiento Intensivo del Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Tomographic findings compatible with pancreatic trauma.
Table 2. Classification of ductal injury by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Table 3. Grades of pancreatic trauma according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma.
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Abstract

Pancreatic trauma (PT) is a rare but potentially lethal entity which requires a high level of clinical suspicion. Early diagnosis and assessment of the integrity of the pancreatic duct are essential since ductal injury is a crucial predictor of morbimortality. Overall mortality is 19%, which can rise to 30% in cases of ductal injury.

The diagnostic and therapeutic approach is multidisciplinary and guided by a surgeon, imaging specialist and ICU physician. Laboratory analysis shows that pancreatic enzymes are frequently elevated, which is a low specificity finding. In hemodynamically stable patients, the posttraumatic condition of the pancreas is firstly evaluated by the multidetector CT. Moreover, in case of suspicion of ductal injury, more sensitive studies such as Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography or cholangioresonance are needed. This narrative review aims to analyse the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of PT and discuss its diagnosis and treatment. Also, the most clinically relevant complications will be summarized.

Keywords:
Pancreatic trauma
Abdominal trauma
Traumatic pancreatitis
Pancreatic fistula
Resumen

El traumatismo pancreático (TP) es una entidad poco frecuente pero potencialmente mortal, del que es necesario un alto nivel de sospecha clínica. El diagnóstico precoz y la valoración de la integridad del conducto pancreático son relevantes, siendo la lesión ductal el principal predictor de morbimortalidad. La mortalidad global es del 19%, ascendiendo al 30% en presencia de compromiso ductal.

El abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico es multidisciplinario (médico cirujano, radiólogo e intensivista). La analítica de laboratorio muestra elevación de las enzimas pancreáticas, siendo este hallazgo de baja especificidad. En pacientes con hemodinamia estable, la primera aproximación diagnóstica debe ser con una tomografía computarizada multidetector con contraste, recurriendo a la colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada o a la colangiorresonancia en caso de sospecha de lesión ductal. El propósito de esta revisión es analizar su etiopatogenia y fisiopatología del TP, presentando su abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico y sus complicaciones más frecuentes.

Palabras clave:
Traumatismo pancreático
Traumatismo de abdomen
Pancreatitis
Fístula pancreática

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