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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Differences in the predictive capability of functional impairment, cognitive dec...
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Vol. 155. Issue 1.
Pages 18-22 (July 2020)
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Vol. 155. Issue 1.
Pages 18-22 (July 2020)
Brief report
Differences in the predictive capability of functional impairment, cognitive decline and mortality of different frailty tools: A longitudinal cohort study
Diferencias en la capacidad predictiva para declive funcional, cognitivo y mortalidad para distintas escalas de fragilidad: un estudio de cohortes longitudinal
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Beatriz Contreras-Escámeza,b,
Corresponding author
, Mikel Izquierdoc,d, Arkaitz Galbete Jiménezb,e, Marta Gutiérrez-Valenciab, Bernardo A. Cedeno-Veloza, Nicolás Martínez-Velillaa
a Servicio de Geriatría, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
b Navarrabiomed-Departamento de Salud-Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
c Universidad Pública de Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
d CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
e Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Descriptive statistics for mortality and use of hospital resources, differences between robust and frail for each scale studied.
Table 2. Baseline and 3-year values for different functional and cognitive variables. Functional, cognitive decline and risk of death at follow-up estimated for each scale.
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Abstract
Background and objectives

There are multiple frailty detection tools, but they have not been specifically developed for the institutionalized population. The aim of this study is to ascertain at 3-year follow-up which tool predicts functional impairment and mortality most precisely.

Methods

Longitudinal cohort study with 110 patients in Pamplona (Navarra) >65 years. Four frailty tools were applied (Fried Criteria, Rockwood Frailty Scale, FRAIL-NH and Imputed Fried Frailty Criteria). The power of the association between the scales and the results was assessed by linear regression and Cox's analyses.

Results

46.5% of the sample died during time to follow-up, 68% of whom died in their nursing home, with 43-month mean survival. Of the studied population, 71.3% showed disability at 3 years, especially the frail subjects. The robust patients had longer hospitalizations (m=3.4 days) than the frail. Imputed Fried and FRAIL-NH found statistically significant differences between groups for the variables studied. Imputed Fried Frailty Criteria showed a significant HR of death for the frail subjects (HR=3.3).

Conclusions

The Imputed Fried and FRAIL-NH tools showed a higher predictive capability for functional and cognitive decline, but only the Imputed Fried Frailty Criteria found a significant relationship between frailty and mortality.

Keywords:
Frailty
Nursing homes
Diagnosis
Disability
Cognitive impairment
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos

Existen múltiples escalas para la detección de fragilidad en ancianos, pero no específicamente para población institucionalizada. El objetivo fue comprobar tras 3 años de seguimiento qué escala predice con mayor precisión el declive funcional y la mortalidad.

Métodos

Estudio longitudinal de cohortes con 110 pacientes mayores de 65 años institucionalizados en Pamplona (Navarra). Se aplicaron 4 escalas de fragilidad (Fried, Fried Imputada, Rockwood y FRAIL NH). El poder de la asociación entre las escalas y los resultados se comprobó mediante análisis de regresión lineal y de Cox.

Resultados

El 46,5% de la muestra falleció durante el seguimiento, el 68% de ellos en su residencia, con 43 meses de media de supervivencia. El 71,3% de los ancianos estudiados presentó discapacidad a los 3 años, especialmente los frágiles. Los pacientes robustos experimentaron hospitalizaciones más prolongadas (m=3,4 días) que los frágiles. Las escalas Fried Imputada y la FRAIL NH encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos para las variables estudiadas; Fried Imputada mostró un HR significativo de muerte para sujetos frágiles (HR=3,3).

Conclusiones

Las escalas Fried Imputada y FRAIL NH mostraron una mayor capacidad predictiva para declive funcional y cognitivo, siendo la escala Fried Imputada la única que relaciona la mortalidad con la fragilidad.

Palabras clave:
Fragilidad
Institucionalizados
Diagnóstico
Discapacidad
Deterioro cognitivo

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