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Vol. 38. Issue 3.
Pages 180-185 (May - June 2023)
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Vol. 38. Issue 3.
Pages 180-185 (May - June 2023)
Temas de bioética
La muerte de los niños. Debates éticos en torno a la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico
The Death of Children: Ethical dilemmas about the limitation of therapeutic effort
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Mónica Clara Bonete Romána,
Corresponding author
monbonete@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Gabriel Campos Riverab
a Hematología y Hemoterapia. Hospital Virgen Macarena de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
b Oncología Radioterápica. Hospital Virgen Macarena de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
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Resumen

Las cuestiones éticas toman relevancia en la práctica médica actual, sobre todo al final de la vida. La limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico (LET), entendiendo por tal «no iniciar» o «retirar» medidas de soporte vital, se presenta como alternativa para preservar la dignidad del paciente, cuando la muerte se aproxima. Los dilemas éticos que se suscitan en este contexto han sido ampliamente estudiados en adultos; no así en niños, donde la gran tensión psicológica que experimentan padres y profesionales dificulta una toma de decisiones consensuada y éticamente aceptable. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido entender el concepto de LET y los principios deontológicos que la sostienen en el ámbito pediátrico. El propósito no ha sido otro que el de establecer mejoras en el cuidado del niño moribundo cuyo peculiar desenlace hace necesario un abordaje diferente al del adulto y una clarificación conceptual ética que justifique la práctica de la LET en menores.

Palabras clave:
Limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico
Unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos
Beneficencia
No maleficencia
Obstinación terapéutica
Ética asistencial
Abstract

Ethical dilemmas take importance in current medical practice, especially at the end of life. Limitation of therapeutic effort, understood as not starting or withdrawing life support measures, is an alternative to preserve patient dignity when death approaches. Ethical dilemmas in this context have been widely studied in adults; not in children, in which the big psychological tension experienced by parents and professionals makes difficult to take accepted and consensual ethical decisions. The objective of this work has been to understand the concept of limitation of therapeutic effort and the deontological principles that support them in the pediatric field. The purpose was none other than to establish improvements in dying children whom peculiar life-end makes necessary a different approach of adults and an ethical conceptual clarification which justify LET practice in youngers.

Keywords:
Limitation of therapeutic effort
Pediatric intensive care unit
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Therapeutic obstinacy
Healthcare ethics

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