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Vol. 37. Issue 6.
Pages 349-356 (November - December 2022)
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Vol. 37. Issue 6.
Pages 349-356 (November - December 2022)
Original article
Behaviour and attitudes of Spanish physicians towards their own process of falling ill: Study protocol and validation of CAMAPE questionnaire
Comportamientos y actitudes de los médicos españoles ante su propio proceso de enfermar: protocolo de estudio y validación del cuestionario CAMAPE
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M.P. Astier-Peñaa,
Corresponding author
mpastier@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Gallego-Royob, B. Marco-Gómezc, C. Pérez-Alvárezc, M.T. Delgado-Marroquínd, R. Altisent-Trotae
a Médica de Familia, Centro de Salud Univérsitas, Zaragoza, Servicio Aragonés de Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, GIBA-IIS-Aragón, Spain
b Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Servicio Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Servicio Aragonés de Salud, GIBA-IIS-Aragón, Spain
c Psiquiatra, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital de Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Servicio Aragonés de Salud, GIBA-IIS-Aragón, Spain
d Médica de Familia, Centro de Salud de Delicias Norte, Zaragoza, Servicio Aragonés de Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, GIBA-IIS-Aragón, Spain
e Médico de Familia, Profesor Titular del Departamento de Medicina, Psiquiatría y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, GIBA-IIS-Aragón, Spain
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Abstract

Physicians have not learned their role as patients. Health programmes for doctors are focused on mental health. Nevertheless, anomalous behaviours of ill doctors exist independently of health problems. We present a study to describe behaviour and attitudes of doctors towards their own illness (CAMAPE) including the analysis of questionnaire validation.

Material and methods

A mix methodology study based on semi-structured interviews to ill physicians and focus groups with members of medical colleges, occupational medicine services and doctors of ill doctors was performed. A survey was designed. Survey validation process included content and face validity, construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and reliability by Cronbach's Alpha Index.

Results

A total of 27 interviews to ill doctors and 4 focus group were performed. Content and feasibility assessment was made by experts. Psychometric validation was performed with a sample of 4308 answers (2450 women, 56.87%). A 5-factor (F) model explained 78.08% variance. First factor (F1) “The work might worsen health”. Second (F2) “Mental issues, toxic habits and the impact of a bad health on work performance”; Third (F3) presenteeism and sick leaves; Fourth (F4) the handling of an ill colleague and the role of medical colleges. Fifth (F5) the healthcare pathway and potential value of revalidation in medical profession.

Conclusions

A comprehensive mixed study on the process of physicians becoming ill has been launched with a reliable questionnaire in a large sample of registered doctors. The analysis will help to formulate gender-sensitive policy and ethical recommendations in relation to sick doctors given the progressive feminisation of the medical profession.

Keywords:
Physician's health
Healthcare quality
Sick doctor
Questionnaire validation
Medical ethics
Abbreviations:
PAIME
OMC
ENSE17
EFA
CFA
CAI
Resumen

Los médicos no han aprendido su papel como pacientes. Los programas de salud para médicos tratan la salud mental. Los comportamientos anómalos existen independientemente de sus problemas de salud. Presentamos un estudio para describir los comportamientos y actitudes de los médicos hacia su propia enfermedad (CAMAPE).

Material y métodos

Entrevistas semiestructuradas a médicos enfermos y grupos focales con colegios de médicos, servicios de medicina del trabajo, médicos tutores y médicos de médicos. Se diseñó una encuesta. La validación incluyó validez de contenido, constructo con análisis factorial y fiabilidad por índice alfa de Cronbach.

Resultados

Se desarrollaron un total de 27 entrevistas y 4 grupos focales. La evaluación del contenido fue realizada por expertos. La muestra de validación fue de 4.308 respuestas (2.450 mujeres, 56,87%). Un modelo de 5 factores explicó el 78,08% de varianza. El primer factor (F1) fue «El trabajo puede empeorar la salud»; el segundo (F2) «Cuestiones de salud mental, hábitos tóxicos e impacto de una mala salud en rendimiento laboral»; el tercero (F3) «Presentismo y bajas laborales»; el cuarto (F4) «Manejo de un compañero enfermo y colegios de médicos»; el quinto (F5) «Atención a los médicos enfermos y valor potencial del proceso de revalidación colegial».

Conclusiones

Se presenta un estudio sobre el proceso de enfermar de los médicos con un cuestionario validado en una amplia muestra de médicos. El análisis ayudará a formular políticas y recomendaciones éticas con perspectiva de género en relación con los médicos enfermos, dada la progresiva feminización de la profesión médica.

Palabras clave:
Salud del médico
Calidad asistencial
Médico enfermo
Validación del cuestionario
Ética médica

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