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Inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of cardiovascular diseases
La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y los riesgos de enfermedad cardiovascular
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Paulina Nuñeza, Sandra García Mateob, Rodrigo Querac, Fernando Gomollónd,
Corresponding author
fgomollo@unizar.es

Corresponding author.
a Universidad de Chile, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Sección de Gastroenterología, Santiago, Chile
b Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano-Blesa”, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
c Clínica Las Condes, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Programa de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Santiago, Chile
d Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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Received 03 September 2020. Accepted 24 September 2020
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Table 1. Cardiovascular events associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
Resumen

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII), comprende tanto a la colitis ulcerosa como a la enfermedad de Crohn, entidades consideradas enfermedades inmunomediadas, sistémicas y de curso crónico que conllevan a menudo el desarrollo de manifestaciones extraintestinales. A pesar de que el estudio de las comorbilidades haya sido desarrollado tradicionalmente en contexto de otras enfermedades inflamatorias sistémicas, este concepto está emergiendo también en la EII. Multitud de patologías han sido vinculadas a la EII, entre las que destaca la enfermedad cardiovascular, la primera causa de muerte en los países desarrollados. Los pacientes con EII están expuestos a un mayor riesgo de entidades tales como arterosclerosis precoz e infarto de miocardio o trombosis venosas y tromboembolismo pulmonar. El objetivo de esta revisión, es hacer una aproximación a la fisiopatología de las diferentes manifestaciones de la enfermedad cardiovascular en los pacientes con EII y de cómo prevenirlas.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Colitis ulcerosa
Enfermedad de Crohn
Arterioesclerosis
Enfermedades cardiovasculares
Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, which are well recognised as chronic systemic and immune-mediated conditions that frequently involve extraintestinal manifestations. Although comorbidities have long been the subject of research in other chronic inflammatory diseases, this concept is also emerging in IBD. Many pathologies have been linked to IBD, including cardiovascular disease, which is the main cause of death in developed countries. IBD patients are at increased risk of conditions such as early atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction or venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. The aim of this review is to make an approximation of the physiopathology of the different manifestations of cardiovascular disease in patients with IBD and how to prevent them.

Keywords:
Inflammatory bowel disease
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular disease

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