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Vol. 46. Issue 6.
Pages 411-418 (June - July 2023)
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Vol. 46. Issue 6.
Pages 411-418 (June - July 2023)
Original article
Evaluation of trefoil factor 3 as a non-invasive biomarker of gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer in a high-risk population
Evaluación de Trefoil factor 3 como un biomarcador no invasivo para la detección de metaplasia intestinal y cáncer gástrico en una población de alto riesgo
Gonzalo Latorrea, Margarita Pizarroa, James Stephen Fordc, Vicente Gándarab, Gonzalo Muñozb, Juan Carlos Arayad, Enrique Belloliod, Miguel Villasecad, Eduardo Fuentes-Lópeze, Pablo Cortésf, Antonio Rollánf, María Ester Bufadelf, Raúl Arayaf, José Ignacio Vargasa, Alberto Espinoa,f, Allan Sharpf, Carlos Agüeroa,f, Andrés Donosof, Gustavo Breskyf, Pamela Pedrerof..., Carlos Ruedaf, Alfonso Calvof, Tomoyuki Odagakig, Tomohiko Moriyamah, Tsukasa Ishidai, Adolfo Parra-Blancof,j, M. Constanza Camargok, Robinson Gonzáleza,f, Alejandro H. Corvalánl,m, Arnoldo Riquelmea,n,
Corresponding author
a.riquelme.perez@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
,
on behalf of ACHED operative group Ver más
a Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
b Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
c Department of Emergency Medicine. University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
d Department of Pathology, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
e Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
f Chilean Association of Digestive Endoscopy (ACHED), Santiago, Chile
g Latin American Collaborative Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Santiago, Chile
h International Medical Department, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
i Department of Gastroenterology, Akashi Medical Center, Akashi, Japan
j NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Gastroenterology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
k Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
l Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
m Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
n Operative Group of Chilean Association of Digestive Endoscopy (ACHED), Santiago, Chile
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Patient's baseline characteristics according to histologic group.
Table 2. Association between serum TFF3 tertiles and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) diagnosis, GIM anatomical location and Operative Link for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia (OLGIM) stage.
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Abstract
Background

Adenocarcinoma is preceded by chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a peptide secreted by goblet cells, which is abundantly present in intestinal metaplasia.

Aim

To evaluate the utility of serum TFF3 as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer.

Methods

Single-center, cross-sectional study of 274 patients who consecutively underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with gastric biopsies (updated Sydney system). TFF3 levels were measured in serum by a commercial ELISA kit. Patients with normal histology or chronic atrophic gastritis without intestinal metaplasia comprised the control group. In addition, 14 patients with invasive gastric cancer were included as a reference group. The association between TFF3 levels and intestinal metaplasia was assessed by logistic regression.

Results

Patients with intestinal metaplasia (n=110) had a higher median TFF3 level as compared to controls (n=164), 13.1 vs. 11.9ng/mL, respectively (p=0.024). Multivariable logistic regression showed a no significant association between TFF3 levels and intestinal metaplasia (OR=1.20; 95%CI: 0.87–1.65; p-trend=0.273). The gastric cancer group had a median TFF3 level of 20.5ng/mL, and a significant association was found (OR=3.26; 95%CI: 1.29–8.27; p-trend=0.013).

Conclusion

Serum levels of TFF3 do not discriminate intestinal metaplasia in this high-risk Latin American population. Nevertheless, we confirmed an association between TFF3 levels and invasive gastric cancer.

Keywords:
Trefoil factor 3
Gastric cancer
Precancerous conditions
Intestinal metaplasia
Resumen
Introducción

El adenocarcinoma gástrico es precedido por la gastritis crónica atrófica, metaplasia intestinal y displasia gástrica. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) es un péptido secretado por las células caliciformes, que están abundantemente presentes en la metaplasia intestinal.

Objetivo

Evaluar la utilidad de TFF3 sérico como biomarcador no invasivo para el diagnóstico de metaplasia intestinal y cáncer gástrico.

Métodos

Estudio transversal, de 274 pacientes a los que se les realizó endoscopia digestiva alta consecutivamente con biopsias gástricas (sistema Sydney actualizado). Los niveles de TFF3 se midieron en suero mediante un kit de ELISA comercial. Los pacientes con histología normal o gastritis crónica atrófica sin metaplasia intestinal formaron el grupo control. Además, se incluyeron como grupo de referencia 14 pacientes con cáncer gástrico avanzado. La asociación entre los niveles de TFF3 y la metaplasia intestinal se evaluó mediante una regresión logística.

Resultados

Los pacientes con metaplasia intestinal (n=110) presentaron una mediana de TFF3 más alta en comparación con el grupo control (n=164), 13,1 vs. 11,9ng/ml, respectivamente (p=0,024). Sin embargo, la regresión logística multivariable no mostró una asociación significativa entre los niveles de TFF3 y la metaplasia intestinal (OR=1,20; IC95%: 0,87-1,65; p-trend=0,273). El grupo de cáncer gástrico tuvo una mediana significativamente mayor de TFF3 de 20,5ng/ml (OR=3,26; IC95%: 1,29-8,27; p-trend=0,013).

Conclusión

Los niveles séricos de TFF3 no permiten el diagnóstico no invasivo de metaplasia intestinal en esta población latinoamericana de alto riesgo. La asociación entre los niveles de TFF3 y el cáncer gástrico avanzado fue confirmada.

Palabras clave:
Trefoil factor 3
Cáncer gástrico
Condiciones premalignas
Metaplasia intestinal

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