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Vol. 76. Issue 4.
Pages 213-218 (October 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 4.
Pages 213-218 (October 2004)
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Paratiroidectomía ambulatoria bajo anestesia local tras exploración cervical bilateral en el hiperparatiroidismo primario. Estudio prospectivo
Outpatient parathyroidectomy under local anesthesia after bilateral cervical examination in primary hyperparathyroidism. a prospective study
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José Miguel Sánchez-Blancoa,1
Corresponding author
jmsanchezbla@inicia.es

Correspondencia: Peris Mencheta, 17. 41002 Sevilla. España.
, Jorge Díaz-Roldána, Abel Guerola-Delgadob, Gumersindo Recio-Moyanoa, Diego Gómez-Rubioa, Manuel Lozano-Gómeza
a Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Universitario de Valme. Sevilla.
b Sevicio de Anestesiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme. Sevilla. España.
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Resumen
Introducción

La exploración cervical bilateral es el estándar en la cirugía del hiperparatiroidismo primario. La exploración unilateral parece válida, pero precisa pruebas que encarecen el proceso. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la factibilidad de la exploración cervical bilateral bajo anestesia local en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria.

Pacientes y método

Se diseñó un protocolo prospectivo con los clásicos criterios de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria. El cirujano realizó la anestesia por bloqueo bilateral de las raíces de C2-C3 del plexo cervical profundo y la incisión. En el postoperatorio, la ingesta se inició al cabo de 1,5 o 2 h, a las 3 o 4 h se levantó al paciente y, después, se recomendó que deambulara. El objetivo fue darlo de alta a las 6 u 8 h de la intervención.

Resultados

El protocolo fue aplicable al 75,86% de los pacientes y aceptado por 35 de ellos (aceptabilidad del 79,54%). Se halló un adenoma único en 32 pacientes, un adenoma doble en uno, una hiperplasia en otro y en un paciente no se halló el adenoma en el cuello. Hubo 4 casos de adenomas ectópicos. En 5 pacientes se practicó una hemitiroidectomía concomitante. La duración de la intervención fue de 80,77 ± 27,84 min. Surgieron complicaciones en 4 pacientes (11,4%), todas leves, 2 de ellas paresias recurrenciales transitorias. Todos los pacientes se recuperaron con rapidez. Sólo 9 pacientes (25,71%) precisaron analgésicos. Ingresaron una noche 6 pacientes (17,14%), 3 de los 4 que presentaron complicaciones, 2 más por vómitos y uno por preferencia personal. En los restantes, el alta se produjo a las 6,19 ± 0,99 h postoperatorias. El dolor al alta fue de 1,83 ± 2,2 en la escala visual analógica. Hubo incidencias en el domicilio, poco significativas, en 12 pacientes; las más frecuentes fueron la cefalea y el dolor cervical. El grado de satisfacción fue muy alto o alto en el 94,28% de los pacientes. El 100% de los pacientes tenía una calcemia normal.

Conclusiones

La exploración cervical bilateral es factible bajo anestesia local en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria, con una alta satisfacción del paciente. La recuperación postoperatoria es rápida, permite realizar una tiroidectomía concomitante, disminuye el consumo de analgésicos y ahorra pruebas pre o intraoperatorias.

Palabras Clave:
Hiperparatiroidismo primario
Paratiroidectomía
Anestesia local
Cirugía mayor ambulatoria
Cirugía sin ingreso
Introduction

Bilateral cervical exploration (BCE) is the standard in the surgery of primary hyperparathyroidism. Unilateral exploration is a valid alternative but requires tests that make the process more expensive. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of BCE under local anesthesia in the outpatient setting.

Patients and method

A prospective protocol was designed using the classical criteria of outpatient surgery. Deep bilateral block of the C2-C3 roots of the cervical plexus and incision were performed by a surgeon. In the postoperative period, ingestion was initiated at 1.5-2 hours, the patient got up at 3-4 hours and subsequently ambulation was recommended. The goal was discharge at 6-8 hours after surgery.

Results

The protocol was applicable to 75.86% of the patients and was accepted by 35 (acceptability: 79.54%). A solitary adenoma was found in 32, double adenoma in one, hyperplasia in one, and in one patient the adenoma was not found in the neck. There were 4 ectopic adenomas. Five patients underwent concomitant hemithyroidectomy. Operating time was 80.77 ± 27.84 minutes. Mild complications occurred in four patients (11.4%), 2 of which consisted of transitory recurrent paresis. All patients recovered rapidly. Only 9 patients (25.71%) required analgesics. Overnight admission was required in 6 patients (17.14%): 3 of the 4 who presented complications, a further 2 patients due to vomiting and one for personal preference. The remaining patients were discharged at 6.19 ± 0.99 hours after surgery. Pain on discharge was 1.83 ± 2.2 in VAS. Mild events at home occurred in 12 patients, the most frequent of which were headache and cervical pain. Satisfaction was high or very high in 94.28% of the patients. All the patients were normocalcemic.

Conclusions

BCE under local anesthesia is feasible in the outpatient setting and produces high patient satisfaction. Postoperative recovery is rapid, allows concomitant thyroidectomy, reduces analgesic consumption and avoids the need for pre-and intraoperative tests.

Key Words:
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroidectomy
Local anesthesia
Major ambulatory surgery
Outpatient surgery
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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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