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Vol. 76. Issue 4.
Pages 203-206 (October 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 4.
Pages 203-206 (October 2004)
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Antibióticos e infección biliar
Antibiotics and biliary infection
Visits
31418
Josep M. Badiaa,1
Corresponding author
15278jbp@comb.es

Correspondencia: Unidad Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital de Granollers. Avda. Francesc Ribas, s/n. 08400 Granollers. Barcelona. España. Correo electrónico:
, Robin C.N. Williamsonb
a Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital de Granollers. Granollers. Barcelona. España
b Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery. Division of Surgery, Anaesthetics and Intensive Care. Imperial College of Medicine. The Hammersmith Hospital. Londres. Reino Unido
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Resumen

La principal característica de la infección quirúrgica es que se puede eliminar mediante una operación. La infección biliar no es una excepción, ya que la extirpación de la vesícula biliar infectada y el completo drenaje de la vía biliar o el absceso hepático son las principales armas del cirujano para combatirla. Los antibióticos tienen un papel importante, aunque secundario, en el tratamiento de esta infección.

Las infecciones de origen biliar son frecuentes y potencialmente graves, suelen ser polimicrobianas, se asocian a un alto porcentaje de bacteriemias y requieren un abordaje multidisciplinar. El uso juicioso de la endoscopia, la radiología intervencionista y la cirugía para conseguir el control del foco infeccioso o el drenaje de la vía biliar es el primer paso del tratamiento. Éste debe completarse con la administración empírica de antibióticos con el espectro antibacteriano adecuado.

El uso más racional de los antibióticos en la infección biliar, especialmente en lo que respecta a la duración óptima del tratamiento, la posibilidad de desescalada terapéutica o el tratamiento secuencial con antibióticos orales aún está sujeto a un amplio debate y deberá ser objeto de futuros ensayos clínicos.

Palabras clave:
Vía biliar
Colangitis
Coledocolitiasis

The main characteristic of surgical infection is the possibility of eliminating the focus of infection through a surgical intervention. Biliary infection is no exception and the main weapons at the surgeon’s disposal for combatting it are removal of the infected gallbladder and complete drainage of the biliary tract or hepatic abscess. Antibiotics play an important although secondary role in the treatment of this infection.

Biliary infections are common and potentially serious. They are usually polymicrobial, are associated with a high percentage of bacteremias and require a multidisciplinary approach. The first steps in treatment are the judicious use of endoscopy, interventionist radiology and surgery to achieve control of the focus of infection or drainage of the biliary tract. Treatment should be completed by empirical administration of antibiotics with a sufficiently broad spectrum.

The most rational use of antibiotics in biliary infection, especially optimal treatment duration, and the possibility of de-escalation or sequential therapy with oral antibiotics are still widely debated and should be the object of future clinical trials.

Key words:
Bile duct
Cholangitis
Bile duct stones
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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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