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Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Retinopathy associated with MELAS syndrome. A case report
Journal Information
Vol. 100. Issue 4.
Pages 197-201 (April 2025)
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Vol. 100. Issue 4.
Pages 197-201 (April 2025)
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Retinopathy associated with MELAS syndrome. A case report
Retinopatía asociada a síndrome de MELAS. A propósito de un caso
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A.B. González Escobar
Corresponding author
abgonzalezescobar@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, E. Barco Moreno, M.A. López-Egea Bueno, J.M. Galván Cano, R. Luque Aranda, A. González Gómez
Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
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Abstract

MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) is an inherited disease frequently caused by a mutation in the mitochondrial DNA variant m.3243A>G in the MT-TL1 gene. The most frequent ophthalmologic finding present in 86-87% of patients with this mutation is mitochondrial retinopathy, where the clinical picture may vary from a macular and peripapillary salt-and-pepper granular pattern to chorioretinal atrophy. We present the case of a 47-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, leukoencephalopathy, and deafness who was suspected of having mitochondrial disease after fundus examination. We would like to emphasize the importance of suspecting a mitochondrial disease in progressive multisystem disorders associated with neuro-ophthalmological manifestations, since early diagnosis allows for better monitoring of systemic manifestations, reducing morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:
Mitochondrial retinopathy
MELAS
Encephalopathy
Chorio-retinal atrophy
M.3243A>G
MTTL1 gene
Resumen

El síndrome de MELAS (encefalopatía mitocondrial, acidosis láctica y episodios similares a accidentes cerebrovasculares) es una enfermedad hereditaria causada frecuentemente por una mutación en el ADN mitocondrial variante m.3243A>G en el gen MT-TL1. El hallazgo oftalmológico más frecuente presente en el 86-87% de los pacientes con esta mutación es la retinopatía mitocondrial donde la clínica puede variar desde un patrón granular macular y peripapilar en sal y pimienta, hasta la atrofia coriorretiniana. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 47 años de edad afecta de diabetes mellitus tipo 1, epilepsia, leucoencefalopatia y sordera en la que se sospechó de enfermedad mitocondrial tras la exploración del fondo de ojo.

Queremos recalcar la importancia de sospechar una enfermedad mitocondrial en trastornos multisistémicos progresivos asociados a manifestaciones neurooftalmológicas, ya que el diagnóstico temprano permite un mejor seguimiento de las manifestaciones sistémicas disminuyendo la morbimortalidad.

Palabras clave:
Retinopatía mitocondrial
MELAS
Encefalopatía
Atrofia coriorretiniana
M.3243A>G
MTTL1 gen

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