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Lessons learned after the disruption caused by COVID-19 in the management of urolithiasis: An example of adaptation in a high-volume center
Lecciones aprendidas sobre el manejo de la urolitiasis tras los perjuicios causados por la COVID-19: un ejemplo de adaptación en un centro de alto volumen
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A. Artiles Medina
Corresponding author
alberc.artiles@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, I. Laso García, M. Mata Alcaraz, D. López Curtis, S. Arribas Terradillos, M. Hevia Palacios, G. Duque Ruiz, F. Arias Funez, F.J. Burgos Revilla
Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Received 17 July 2021. Accepted 07 February 2022
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Characteristics of patients who underwent non-urgent procedures in both pandemic and pre-pandemic periods.
Table 2. Comparison of features of urgent procedures between the two periods.
Table 3. Laboratory findings in patients who presented with complicated renal colic in pandemic and pre-pandemic eras.
Table 4. Characteristics of patients who underwent urolithiasis procedures in both pandemic and pre-pandemic periods.
Table 5. Lessons learned from COVID-19 outbreak regarding urolithiasis management and recommendations.
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Abstract
Background

The aim was to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urolithiasis presentation and management.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we comparatively evaluated urgent and elective procedures due to urolithiasis during the early eight months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020, to October 31, 2020) compared to the same period a year before, and between waves. The student’s t-test, chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the patients’ characteristics and outcomes between the two periods and waves.

Results

Five hundred and thirty procedures were included. The overall numbers of surgical procedures due to urolithiasis were similar between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Regarding elective surgery, our data draw attention to the increased complication rate in the pandemic times, but no statistically significant differences in terms of types of procedures and need for complementary treatments were observed. We noted that patterns of presentation of complicated renal colic were different during COVID-19 pandemic, with a higher number of days after the onset of symptoms and a higher proportion of patients presenting acute kidney injury. Furthermore, a significant increase of creatinine levels at presentation in first wave was detected, and a growth in the number of urgent procedures after the first wave was noted, owing to the delay in urolithiasis treatment and diagnosis.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected both urgent and elective management of urolithiasis. Lessons about the management of urolithiasis in this context should be learned to avoid fatal complications and improve standards of care.

Keywords:
Urolithiasis
Management
COVID-19
Resumen
Introducción

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la presentación y el manejo de la patología litiásica.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo comparativo de los procedimientos (urgentes y electivos) por litiasis durante los primeros ocho meses de la pandemia (01/03/2020 al 31/10/2020), comparándose con el mismo período de 2019, y entre olas. Las pruebas utilizadas fueron la prueba exacta de Fisher, t de Student, chi-cuadrado y U de Mann–Whitney.

Resultados

Se analizaron 530 procedimientos. El número total de procedimientos quirúrgicos por patología litiásica fue similar entre los dos períodos. En cuanto a la cirugía electiva, se identificó un aumento en la tasa de complicaciones en el período de pandemia, pero no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a tipos de procedimientos realizados y necesidad de tratamientos complementarios. El patrón de presentación del cólico renoureteral complicado fue diferente durante la pandemia, con mayor número de días desde del inicio de los síntomas hasta la consulta y mayor proporción de pacientes con fracaso renal agudo. Asimismo, se detectó un aumento significativo de los niveles de creatinina en la primera ola, así como un incremento en el número de procedimientos urgentes tras la primera ola debido al retraso en el tratamiento y diagnóstico de la patología litiásica.

Conclusiones

La pandemia COVID-19 ha impactado negativamente en el tratamiento urgente y electivo de la litiasis. Se deben aprender lecciones sobre el manejo de la litiasis en este contexto para evitar complicaciones graves y mejorar los estándares de atención.

Palabras clave:
Urolitiasis
Manejo
COVID-19

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