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Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Is it truly necessary to achieve complete stone-free status in cases of staghorn...
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Vol. 49. Issue 7.
(September 2025)
Original article
Is it truly necessary to achieve complete stone-free status in cases of staghorn calculi?
¿Es necesario el estado 100% libre de litiasis en los casos de cálculos coraliformes?
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G. Freschia,
Corresponding author
gfreschi@unifesp.br

Corresponding author.
, D.P. Resutoa, R.H. Astolfia, W.R. Molinab, A. Mellera
a Department of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
b Department of Urology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Tables (6)
Table 1. Patient characteristics.
Tables
Table 2. Surgical results and overall outcomes.
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Table 3. Characteristics of complete stone-free patients compared to patients with residual fragments.
Tables
Table 4. Surgical results and outcomes of complete stone-free patients compared to patients with residual fragments.
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Table 5. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with recurrence or growth of residual fragments compared to patients without recurrence or growth of residual fragments.
Tables
Table 6. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with at least one positive culture compared to patients with all negative cultures.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

To evaluate long-term outcomes in staghorn stone patients with residual fragments following surgical treatment.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study of patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for staghorn stones and long term follow up were divided into two groups: residual stones versus non-residual stones. The occurrence of new stones or fragment growth, infectious events, and renal function were evaluated. Patients with a follow-up period of less than one year were excluded.

Results

A total of 87 patients (75.9% female) were included in the study. Of these, 21.8% were stone-free, while 78.2% exhibited residual fragments with a median size of 7mm (3.5–11.5mm). The average follow-up period was 27 months (21–36 months). Only 24.1% experienced recurrence or growth of residual fragments, with a median growth of 10mm (6−12mm). Additionally, 14.9% of patients developed urinary infections during the follow-up period. No significant differences were observed between stone-free patients and those with residual fragments in terms of recurrence, residual fragments growth, infectious events, or deterioration in renal function. Similarly, no differences were noted when comparing patients with positive or negative cultures.

Conclusions

The incidence of recurrence, growth of residual fragments, infectious events, and deterioration of renal function was comparable between patients with and without residual stones. Furthermore, the presence of positive preoperative or intraoperative cultures did not influence these outcomes.

Keywords:
Staghorn calculi
Kidney stone
Nephrolithiasis
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Evaluar los resultados a largo plazo de los pacientes que presentan fragmentos residuales tras el tratamiento quirúrgico para la litiasis coraliforme.

Materiales y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a nefrolitotomía percutánea por litiasis coraliforme con seguimiento a largo plazo. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos: fragmentos residuales vs. sin fragmentos residuales. Se evaluó la aparición de nuevos cálculos o el crecimiento de los fragmentos, los eventos infecciosos y la función renal. Se excluyeron los pacientes con un seguimiento inferior a un año.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 87 pacientes (75,9% mujeres). De ellos, el 21,8% tenía un estado libre de litiasis, mientras que el 78,2% presentó fragmentos residuales con un tamaño mediano de 7mm (rango intercuartílico: 3,5–11,5mm). El período medio de seguimiento fue de 27 meses (rango: 21–36 meses). Solo el 24,1% presentó recurrencia o crecimiento de los fragmentos residuales, con un crecimiento mediano de 10mm (6–12mm). Además, el 14,9% desarrolló infecciones urinarias durante el seguimiento. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los pacientes libres de litiasis y aquellos con fragmentos residuales en cuanto a recurrencia, crecimiento de fragmentos, eventos infecciosos o deterioro de la función renal. De forma similar, no se detectaron diferencias al comparar pacientes con cultivos positivos o negativos.

Conclusiones

La incidencia de recurrencia, crecimiento de fragmentos residuales, eventos infecciosos y deterioro de la función renal fue comparable entre pacientes con y sin fragmentos residuales. Además, la presencia de cultivos positivos preoperatorios o intraoperatorios no influyó en estos resultados.

Palabras clave:
Litiasis coraliforme
Cálculo renal
Nefrolitiasis
Nefrolitotomía percutánea
Graphical abstract

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