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Vol. 67. Issue 3.
Pages 167-178 (May - June 2016)
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Vol. 67. Issue 3.
Pages 167-178 (May - June 2016)
Review article
Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Relevant Entity for the Otolaryngologist
Esofagitis eosinofílica: una entidad patológica relevante para el otorrinolaringólogo
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Carmen Górriz-Gila,
Corresponding author
carmengorriz@yahoo.co.uk

Corresponding author.
, Ithzel M. Villarreala, Óscar Álvarez-Monteroa, Antonio Rodríguez-Valientea, Marta Magazb, José R. García-Berrocala
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of EoE in Patients Included in the Spanish Register.
Table 2. Predominant Symptoms According to Patient Age With EoE.
Table 3. Endoscopic Classification of EoE.
Table 4. Diseases Which May Cause Oesophageal Eosinophilia.
Table 5. Cure Rates After Exclusion Diets.
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Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is a recently recognised pathologic entity whose prevalence has risen significantly since it was first described. Its diagnosis represents a challenge for different medical specialties, among which ENT specialists play an important role. Clinical suspicion in a patient with recurrent food impaction or a child with eating disorders and history of hypersensitivity constitutes the first warning sign of a possible EE.

The purpose of this review is to highlight EE as a possible differential diagnosis in patients with deglutition disorders and describe the possible clinical symptoms that should alert the ENT specialist to perform appropriate diagnostic tests and procedures. The transnasal esophagoscopy, performed in-office by the ENT, is ideal for reducing possible underdiagnosed cases.

Given the fact that an ENT specialist will evaluate a great many patients with deglutition disorders, it is paramount for possible EE cases to be suspected and recognised so that a correct multidisciplinary approach involving not only ENT specialists but also paediatricians, gastroenterologists, allergologists and pathologists can be established. Identifying the dietary component responsible for the esophageal inflammation and removing that food from the patient's diet is the key in the treatment of this immune-mediated disease.

Keywords:
Dysphagia
Deglutition disorders
Esophagitis
Eosinophilia
Food impaction
Transnasal esophagoscopy
Atopy
Resumen

La esofagitis eosinofílica (EE) es una entidad clínico patológica reconocida recientemente y con una prevalencia que va en aumento desde su descripción inicial. Su diagnóstico representa un reto para diferentes especialistas, entre los que tiene un rol destacado el otorrinolaringólogo. La sospecha clínica ante un paciente que presenta episodios recidivantes de impactación de alimentos no punzantes o ante un niño con trastornos de la alimentación y antecedentes de atopia constituyen el primer signo de alerta de una posible EE.

El objetivo de esta revisión persigue destacar el papel de la EE en el diagnóstico diferencial de los pacientes con trastornos de la deglución, así como dar a conocer las manifestaciones clínicas que deben alertar al otorrinolaringólogo para proseguir la realización de las pruebas encaminadas al diagnóstico de esta enfermedad.

La esofagoscopia transnasal, realizada por el otorrinolaringólogo en consulta, ayudará a disminuir el número de casos infradiagnosticados.

Dado que gran parte de los pacientes afectos de trastornos de la deglución van a ser evaluados por el otorrinolaringólogo, se hace imprescindible el reconocimiento de la EE, así como el manejo diagnóstico-terapéutico por un equipo multidisciplinar en el que se involucren, además del otorrinolaringólogo, pediatras, digestólogos, alergólogos y patólogos familiarizados con la enfermedad. La identificación del alimento responsable de la inflamación del esófago y su eliminación de la dieta es la clave del tratamiento de este desorden inmunomediado.

Palabras clave:
Disfagia
Trastornos de la deglución
Esofagitis
Eosinofilia
Impactación de alimentos
Esofagoscopia transnasal
Atopia

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