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Vacunas (English Edition) Immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type b outside the routine vaccinati...
Journal Information
Vol. 26. Issue 2.
(April - June 2025)
Review article
Immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type b outside the routine vaccination schedule
Inmunización frente a Haemophilus influenzae tipo b fuera del calendario sistemático de vacunación
Guillermo Menaa,b,c,
Corresponding author
gmena@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
, Eva Calderóna, Marta Aldeaa,b,c, Susana Otero-Romerod,e
a Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
c Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
e Grupo de Investigación de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

The epidemiology of the invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae has changed drastically since the introduction of vaccines in the routine vaccination schedule. In high-income countries, Haemophilus influenzae infection has gone from being a disease predominantly occurring in children and due to serotype b, to being a disease more frequent in adults and caused mainly by non-typeable strains. Therefore, it is important to take into account adult vaccination risk factors such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, functional or surgical asplenia, or certain innate or acquired immune deficits. In addition to these established factors, this document reviews the aspects to be taken into account by the physician, such as the degree of functional hypoesplenia, the type of affectation of the complement pathway or the affectation of the immunity of the individual caused by monoclonal gammopathies.

Keywords:
Haemophilus
Vaccine
Bacteria
Encapsulated
Meningitis
Resumen

La epidemiología de la enfermedad invasiva por Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) se ha modificado drásticamente desde la introducción de las vacunas en el calendario de vacunaciones sistemático. En países de renta alta, la infección por H. influenzae ha pasado de ser una enfermedad predominantemente en niños y debida al serotipo b, a ser una enfermedad más frecuente en adultos y producida principalmente por cepas no tipificables. Por tanto, es importante tener en cuenta la vacunación del adulto con factores de riesgo tales como el trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos, la asplenia funcional y quirúrgica o determinados déficits de la inmunidad innata o adquirida. En este documento se revisan los aspectos a tener en cuenta para la indicación de la inmunización frente a H. influenzae tipo b (Hib) en el adulto, tales como el grado de hipoesplenia funcional, el tipo de afectación de la vía del complemento o la afectación de la inmunidad del individuo provocada por gammapatías monoclonales.

Palabras clave:
Haemophilus
Vacuna
Bacteria
Encapsulada
Meningitis

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