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Información de la revista
Vol. 9. Núm. 1.
Páginas 53-58 (Marzo 2007)
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Vol. 9. Núm. 1.
Páginas 53-58 (Marzo 2007)
Original
Acceso a texto completo
Tabaquismo pasivo: importancia
Passive smoking: importance
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F.J. Ayestaa,
Autor para correspondencia
ayestaf@unican.es

Correspondencia: F. J. Ayesta. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Cantabria. C/ Herrera Oria s/n. 39011 Santander.
, J.J. Lorzab
a Farmacólogo. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Cantabria. Santander. España
b Neumólogo. Fundación Hospital de Calahorra. La Rioja. España
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Resumen
Bibliografía
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Estadísticas
Resumen
Objetivo

Se denomina tabaquismo pasivo al hecho involuntario de respirar aire contaminado por el humo de tabaco. A lo largo de los últimos años se ha ido acumulando evidencia científica acerca de las consecuencias sobre la salud de quienes se ven expuestos involuntariamente al humo ambiental del tabaco.

Material y métodos

Se ha revisado la relación entre el tabaquismo pasivo y la morbimortalidad que se presenta en niños y adultos expuestos a este riesgo.

Resultados

Actualmente se sabe que el tabaquismo pasivo es causa de morbilidad y de mortalidad prematura, tanto en niños como en adultos. En adultos la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco aumenta el riesgo tanto de morbimortalidad coronaria, así como de padecer cáncer de pulmón. La exposición de niños al humo ambiental del tabaco es causa de muerte súbita del lactante, infecciones respiratorias agudas, y problemas del oído medio; así mismo, agrava el asma, ocasiona síntomas respiratorios y enlentece el desarrollo pulmonar.

Conclusiones

No ha sido posible detectar la existencia de un umbral de exposición por debajo del cual no se aprecien riesgos para los fumadores pasivos. Los estudios muestran que la única manera real de proteger a la población de este riesgo es la restricción del consumo de tabaco en los espacios cerrados.

Palabras clave:
Tabaco
Tabaquismo pasivo
Humo ambiental de tabaco
Humo de segunda mano
Abstract
Objective

Involuntary exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), i.e., breathing other people's smoke is called passive or secondhand smoking. Scientific evidence about the toxicity of ETS on the health of passive smokers is overwhelming.

Material and methods

A bibliographic revision on the relationship between passive smoking and morbid-mortality in children and adults exposed was performed.

Results

ETS exposure cause premature death and disease both in adults and in children who do not smoke. Adults exposed to ETS are at a higher risk of dying of coronary heart disease and lung cancer. In children, exposure to ETS increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, and middle ear problems; additionally, it aggravates asthma, causes respiratory symptoms and slows lung growth.

Conclusions

The scientific evidence indicates that there is no risk-free level of exposure to ETS. It has not been possible to determine the presence of a threshold under which exposure to ETS does not cause any deleterious effect on passive smokers. Eliminating smoking in indoor spaces protects nonsmokers from exposure to ETS. In fact, it is the only way to fully protect them.

Key words:
Tobacco
Passive smoking
Environmental tobacco smoke
Second-hand smoke
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Copyright © 2007. Elsevier España S.L. y Sociedad Española de Toxicomanías (SET)
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