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Inicio Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI Calibración de cámaras de tiempo de vuelo: Ajuste adaptativo del tiempo de int...
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Vol. 10. Núm. 4.
Páginas 453-464 (Octubre - Diciembre 2013)
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Vol. 10. Núm. 4.
Páginas 453-464 (Octubre - Diciembre 2013)
Open Access
Calibración de cámaras de tiempo de vuelo: Ajuste adaptativo del tiempo de integración y análisis de la frecuencia de modulación
ToF Camera calibration: an automatic setting of its integration time and an experimental analysis of its modulation frequency
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P. Gila,
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, T. Kislerb, G.J. Garcíaa, C.A. Jaraa, J.A. Corralesa
a Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Crta/San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, España
b Universidad Técnica de Múnich, Múnich, Alemania
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La percepción de profundidad se hace imprescindible en muchas tareas de manipulación, control visual y navegación de robots. Las cámaras de tiempo de vuelo (ToF: Time of Flight) generan imágenes de rango que proporcionan medidas de profundidad en tiempo real. No obstante, el parámetro distancia que calculan estas cámaras es fuertemente dependiente del tiempo de integración que se configura en el sensor y de la frecuencia de modulación empleada por el sistema de iluminación que integran. En este artículo, se presenta una metodología para el ajuste adaptativo del tiempo de integración y un análisis experimental del comportamiento de una cámara ToF cuando se modifica la frecuencia de modulación. Este método ha sido probado con éxito en algoritmos de control visual con arquitectura ‘eye-in-hand’ donde el sistema sensorial está compuesto por una cámara ToF. Además, la misma metodología puede ser aplicada en otros escenarios de trabajo.

Palabras clave:
Tiempo de vuelo
calibración
imagen de rango
percepción robótica
cámaras 3D
Abstract

The depth perception is essential in many manipulation tasks, visual inspection and robot navigation. The cameras of Time of Flight (TOF) generate range images which provide depth measurements in real time. However, the distance parameter computed from these cameras is strongly dependent on the integration time set for the sensor and the frequency of modulation used by the integrated lighting system. In this paper, a methodology for automatic setting of integration time and an experimental analysis of ToF camera behavior adjusting its modulation frequency is presented. This method has been successfully tested on visual servoing algorithms with architecture ‘eye-in-hand’ in which the sensory system consists of a ToF camera, in addition this methodology can be applied to other workspaces and scenarios.

Keywords:
Time of flight
calibration
range image
robotic perception
3d-cameras
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