array:23 [ "pii" => "S1699885522000290" "issn" => "16998855" "doi" => "10.1016/j.patol.2022.03.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-04-01" "aid" => "702" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica" "copyrightAnyo" => "2022" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Rev Esp Patol. 2023;56:140-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1699885522000289" "issn" => "16998855" "doi" => "10.1016/j.patol.2022.03.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-04-01" "aid" => "703" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Rev Esp Patol. 2023;56:136-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ARTÍCULO BREVE</span>" "titulo" => "Distrofia de membrana basal epitelial corneal: a propósito de un caso" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "136" "paginaFinal" => "139" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Epithelial basement membrane corneal dystrophy: A case report" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figura 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 551 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 77494 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tricrómico de Masson. Extensiones intraepiteliales digitiformes de lámina basal.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Carolina Díaz Baena, Elena Gallego Domínguez, María Isabel Hierro Martín" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carolina" "apellidos" => "Díaz Baena" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Elena" "apellidos" => "Gallego Domínguez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María Isabel" "apellidos" => "Hierro Martín" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1699885522000289?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/16998855/0000005600000002/v2_202305072119/S1699885522000289/v2_202305072119/es/main.assets" ] "asociados" => array:1 [ 0 => array:17 [ "pii" => "S1699885523000247" "issn" => "16998855" "doi" => "10.1016/j.patol.2023.04.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-07-01" "aid" => "727" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "err" "cita" => "Rev Esp Patol. 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2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Cleofé" "apellidos" => "Romagosa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Miguel Ángel" "apellidos" => "Arcediano" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Sahyly" "apellidos" => "Siurana" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Santiago" "apellidos" => "Ramón y Cajal" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 6 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Carme" "apellidos" => "Dinarès" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mcdinares@vhebron.net" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Ophthalmology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Radiology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tumor híbrido neurofibroma/schwannoma de la órbita" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 433 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 150839 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) CT scan showing a well-defined, homogenous intraconal left orbital mass. (B) Haematoxylin and eosin, low-power magnification showing two different components: a central nodular schwannoma (●) surrounded by neurofibroma (*). (C) High-power magnification (100×) of schwannoma component. (D) High-power magnification (100×) of schwannoma component.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma is a rare tumour that was first described in 1998 by Feany et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is a type of hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumour (HPNST), according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone, which in 2020 indicated three subtypes of HPNST: neurofibroma/schwannoma, schwannoma/perineurioma and neurofibroma/perineurioma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This type of tumour usually presents in the subcutaneous tissue as a painless dermal mass in the extremities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The age of presentation is wide and nonspecific, however, there is a peak in young adults, without any gender predilection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> We present a case of an unusual site of presentation: a Medline search up to December 2021 identified only six cases of this tumour in the orbit.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–10</span></a> The relevance of its presence is the potential risk of associated neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case presentation</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 78-year-old man presented with left exophthalmos. He had a previous history of bilateral cataract surgery, penetrating keratoplasty, post-surgical left facial paralysis after preauricular parotid tumour excision and left ocular hypertension. On ophthalmic examination, the patient had an obvious left peripheral facial paralysis with moderate exophthalmos and exposure keratopathy secondary to mild lagophthalmos. Orbital computed tomography was performed, showing a well-defined and homogenous intraconal orbital mass located between the external rectus muscle and the optic nerve (20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A). The presumptive diagnosis was a left intraconal cavernous angioma. Left orbitotomy with excisional biopsy was performed without any complications.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gross examination revealed an 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm whitish well-circumscribed mass. Two well-differentiated areas were distinguished, one peripheral with a gelatinous appearance and the other central with a haemorrhagic appearance.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microscopically, the lesion revealed two different morphologies: a peripheral lesion composed of combined proliferation of all elements of a peripheral nerve—Schwann cells, fibroblasts and perineurial cells—and a second component situated in the centre of the tumour, with distinctive Antoni A areas of spindle cells with palisaded nuclei (Verocay bodies) and some Antoni B areas of tumour cells separated by oedematous fluid with hyalinized blood vessels (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B and C). This pattern was consistent with a hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse, intense positive expression for S100 protein in Schwann cells and CD34 positivity in the neurofibromatous component (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). To confirm the benign nature, we performed P16, which showed extensive, diffuse nuclear expression, and Ki 67, which was positive in 3% of the overall surface of the tumour; these results support the senescent nature of this tumour according to Simonetti et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the literature, some retrospective studies show that vasculogenic lesions are amongst the most common benign lesions found in the orbit. However, neurogenic lesions, particularly peripheral nerve tumours, are among the less frequently reported.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> HPNSTs are rare tumours, and according to the 2020 WHO classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone, hybrid schwannoma/neurofibroma morphology is associated with NF 1, NF 2, and schwannomatosis. HPNSTs are often misdiagnosed as neurofibroma. Also, hybrid neurofibroma/perineurioma has been described in association with NF 1.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,13,14</span></a> It is also known that patients with NF1 have high risk of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Consequently, some studies have reported local recurrence of HPNST and the risk of malignant transformation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> In the present case, neurofibromatosis was ruled out following the histopathological diagnosis of this tumour.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the molecular background, Stahn et al. found hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma to harbour a monosomy 22 in almost half of the cases studied and a loss of α-T-catenin/CTNNA3 as a novel candidate gene suppressor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> It has also been found that hybrid schwannoma-perineurioma can harbour a CHD7-VGLL3 rearrangement fusion gene.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> These findings may be useful for diagnostic purposes when categorization with morphology and immunohistochemistry is difficult.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the cases described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>, the age at diagnosis ranged from 31 to 78 years, with a mean of 55 years; 3 patients were female and 4 were male and all cases presented in the superior half of the orbit. Except for the case reported by Leung et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> the rest were of the subtype neurofibroma/schwannoma. None of these cases had malignant transformation or a history of an associated syndrome (NF1, NF2 or schwannomatosis). The triggers are unknown. Therefore, when we are faced with an orbital mass, peripheral nerve sheath tumours should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially those with a hybrid component (neurofibroma/schwannoma, schwannoma/perineurioma and neurofibroma/perineurioma) as their presence represents a potential risk of associated NF1, NF2, and schwannomatosis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17,18</span></a> although no cases in this location have been reported associated with these diseases to date.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Contribution statement/author contributions</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lourdes Salazar-Huayna: drafting of the manuscript, preparation of the figures and preparation of the final text.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lourdes Naranjo: performing literature research.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cleofé Romagosa: preparation of the figures; drafting of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Miguel Ángel Arcediano: providing clinical data.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Shaily Siurana: providing radiological data.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Santiago Ramón y Cajal: manuscript review.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Carme Dinarès: designing the case report, general supervision; drafting of the manuscript and preparation of the final text.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1894632" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1639401" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1894631" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1639402" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Case presentation" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Contribution statement/author contributions" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-12-24" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-03-09" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1639401" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Peripheral nerve sheath tumour (PNST)" 1 => "Neurofibroma" 2 => "Schwannoma" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1639402" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tumores de la vaina del nervio periférico (PNST)" 1 => "Neurofibroma" 2 => "Schwannoma" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma is a rare variant of hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumours (HPNST). A Medline search up to December 2021 identified only six cases of this tumour in the orbit. We report the case of a 78-year-old man who presented with left exophthalmos. Computed tomography showed a left intraconal orbital mass. The clinico-radiological diagnosis was consistent with an intraconal cavernous angioma. Orbitotomy was performed, obtaining an 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm mass. Two different morphologies were seen microscopically, diagnostic of hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma. HPNSTs of the orbit are uncommon and most reported cases showed a hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma morphology. Hybrid neurofibroma/schwannomas have been associated with neurofibromatosis and schwannomatosis. Local recurrences have been reported. The correct identification of these tumours is important due to their potential use as a syndromic marker.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tumor híbrido neurofibroma/schwannoma es una lesión rara incluida dentro de tumores híbridos de la vaina del nervio periférico. Mediante revisión bibliográfica en Medline hasta diciembre de 2021 se identificó solo seis casos de este tumor en la órbita. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 78 años que consultó por exoftalmos izquierdo. La tomografía computarizada mostró una masa orbitaria intraconal izquierda. El diagnóstico clínico-radiológico fue compatible con angioma cavernoso intraconal. Se realizó una orbitotomía, obteniendo una masa de 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. Microscópicamente, el tumor mostró dos morfologías diferentes compatibles con tumor híbrido neurofibroma/schwannoma. Los tumores híbridos de la vaina del nervio periférico de la órbita son poco comunes. La mayoría de los casos informados muestran una morfología híbrida de neurofibroma/schwannoma. El tumor híbrido neurofibroma/schwannoma se ha asociado con neurofibromatosis y schwannomatosis. Se han reportado recurrencias locales. La correcta identificación de estos tumores es relevante debido a su potencial uso como marcador sindrómico.</p></span>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 433 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 150839 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) CT scan showing a well-defined, homogenous intraconal left orbital mass. (B) Haematoxylin and eosin, low-power magnification showing two different components: a central nodular schwannoma (●) surrounded by neurofibroma (*). (C) High-power magnification (100×) of schwannoma component. (D) High-power magnification (100×) of schwannoma component.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 265 "Ancho" => 1305 "Tamanyo" => 116903 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology features. (A) Haematoxylin and eosin, schwannoma and neurofibroma component (40×). (B) Neurofibroma component stains strongly positive for CD34 (40×). (C) Both components stain for S100 (40×).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gender \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Syndrome related \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Malignant transformation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Localization \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of tumour \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Youens et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2008 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Superior orbit, extraconal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neurofibroma/schwannoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Taubenslag et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Superior orbit, extraconal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neurofibroma/schwannoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Verhelst<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Superotemporal orbit, intraconal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neurofibroma/schwannoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stevenson et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2019 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Superolateral quadrant of the orbit, extraconal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neurofibroma/schwannoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hong et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2019 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Superior orbit, intraconal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neurofibroma/schwannoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Leung et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2019 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Superior-nasal cystic, extraconal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Perineurioma/neurofibroma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Our case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2022 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Superotemporal orbit, intraconal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neurofibroma/schwannoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3166937.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Previous reports of orbital hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumours, included our case.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–10</span></a></p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:18 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nerve sheath tumours with hybrid features of neurofibroma and schwannoma: a conceptual challenge" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.B. 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