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Inicio Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) The use of pupillometry as monitoring of intraoperative analgesia in the consump...
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Vol. 63. Issue 5.
Pages 253-260 (May 2016)
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Vol. 63. Issue 5.
Pages 253-260 (May 2016)
Original article
The use of pupillometry as monitoring of intraoperative analgesia in the consumption of analgesics during the first 12hours after surgery
Utilización de la monitorización analgésica intraoperatoria mediante pupilometría en el consumo de analgésicos durante las primeras 12 horas del postoperatorio
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A. Abad Torrenta,
Corresponding author
aat23865@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, V. Rodríguez Bustamantea, N. Carrasco Fonsb, F.J. Roca Tutusausc, D. Blanco Vargasa, C. González Garcíad
a Servicio de Anestesia, Hospital de Viladecans, Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Farmacología, Hospital de Viladecans, Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
c Subdirecció General de Drogodependències, Departament de Salut, Barcelona, Spain
d Servicio de Ginecología, Hospital de Viladecans, Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Patient demographics.
Table 2. Results.
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Abstract
Introduction

Intraoperative evaluation of analgesia remains today often based on heart rate and arterial pressure fluctuations. None of these parameters are specific. Incorrect handling during this process may increase surgical morbi-mortality of the patients and their acute postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intraoperative analgesia controlled by pupillometry on postoperative analgesic consumption and the pain intensity in the first 12h in the hospital room, after major gynaecological surgery.

Patients and methods

A prospective, cohort study with allocation of groups sequentially according to the programming of the operating room was designed. ASA I–III patients scheduled for elective surgery of abdominal hysterectomy by laparotomy or laparoscopy through intravenous general anaesthesia were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups: pupillometry group (P-1), in which intraoperative analgesia was guided by pupillometry, and haemodynamic group (H-2), according to values of blood pressure and heart rate. In the hospitalisation room, the values of visual analogue scale (VAS) were routinely registered with 3 courts for the study: 3, 8 and 12h of the postoperative period. Postoperative analgesia was standardised as follows: NSAIDs was administered if VAS was ≥3 or if the patient expressly requested an analgesic. After this, the efficacy of treatment was assessed. If the patient had pain, the next scheduled drug was given up to an VAS<3. Data for total analgesic consumption administered in the hospital room, VAS and adverse effects were collected within 12h postoperatively.

Results

A total of 59 patients, 30 group P-1 and 29 group H-2, were included. Group P-1 experienced less pain than group H-2, with statistical significance in each phase (VAS 3h, VAS 8h and VAS 12h). These data are consistent with the consumption of analgesics for patients. There was a statistically significant reduction (p<0.001) in the group P-1 (1.80 [DE 0.99]; medium 2, 95% confidence interval 1.43–2.17) compared with group H-2 (5.66 [1.58]; medium 6, 95% confidence interval 5.05–6.26).

Conclusions

Monitoring of the intraoperative analgesia by pupillometry was able to reduce the intensity of the acute postoperative pain and analgesic consumption in the first 12h in the hospital room after major gynaecological surgery.

Keywords:
Pupillometry
Postoperative analgesia
Remifentanil
Total intravenous anaesthesia
Haemodynamic parameters
Resumen
Introducción

Habitualmente, la analgesia intraoperatoria se controla empíricamente con base en las variaciones hemodinámicas del paciente. Un manejo incorrecto durante este proceso puede incrementar la morbimortalidad quirúrgica y también el dolor agudo postoperatorio. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar si la monitorización intraoperatoria de la analgesia mediante pupilometría tenía algún efecto sobre la intensidad del dolor y el consumo de analgésicos en planta, en las primeras 12h del postoperatorio de cirugía mayor ginecológica.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio de cohortes, prospectivo con asignación de grupos de forma secuencial según programación de quirófano. Pacientes ASA I-III sometidas a cirugía electiva de histerectomía abdominal por laparotomía o laparoscopia mediante anestesia general intravenosa. Los grupos de estudio fueron: grupo pupilometría (P-1), cuya analgesia intraoperatoria se monitorizó mediante pupilómetro, y grupo hemodinámico (H-2), a partir de valores de presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca. En la sala de hospitalización se registraron rutinariamente los valores de la escala visual analógica (EVA) con 3 cortes para el estudio: a las 3, 8 y 12h del postoperatorio. Según protocolo se administró un analgésico si la EVA era3 o si la paciente lo solicitaba expresamente. A posteriori, se valoró la eficacia del tratamiento y si continuaba con dolor se prescribía el siguiente fármaco pautado hasta conseguir una EVA<3. Se controló el consumo de analgésicos administrados en las 12h del postoperatorio en planta y se registró cualquier incidencia o efectos adversos relacionados con el estudio.

Resultados

Fueron incluidas 59 pacientes: 30 en el grupo P-1 y 29 en el grupo H-2. El grupo P-1 experimentó menos dolor que el grupo H-2, con una significación estadística en cada una de las fases (EVA 3h, EVA 8h y EVA 12h). Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001) en la media (DE) del número de fármacos analgésicos empleados por paciente entre el grupo P-1 (1,80 [0,99]; mediana 2, intervalo de confianza 95% 1,43-2,17) y el grupo H-2 (5,66 [1,58]; mediana 6, intervalo de confianza 95% 5,05-6,26).

Conclusiones

La monitorización de la analgesia intraoperatoria mediante pupilometría resultó un método simple y fiable que consiguió reducir la intensidad del dolor y el consumo de analgésicos en planta las primeras 12h del postoperatorio tras cirugía mayor ginecológica.

Palabras clave:
Pupilometría
Analgesia postoperatoria
Remifentanilo
Anestesia total intravenosa
Parámetros hemodinámicos

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