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Vol. 66. Issue 9.
Pages 483-486 (November 2019)
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Vol. 66. Issue 9.
Pages 483-486 (November 2019)
Case report
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: A case reporting a serious complication in the perioperative period
Acidosis láctica asociada a metformina: un caso clínico que reporta una complicación grave en el período perioperatorio
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B.M. Gonçalvesa,
Corresponding author
bmamg7@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, D. Coelhob
a Departamento de Anestesia, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
b Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Abstract

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has risen dramatically over the past two decades and this affects 10–15% of the surgical population.1 Metformin represents the mainstay of anti-hyperglycaemic therapy for type 2 DM, providing numerous beneficial effects. However, a rare but severe adverse effect is the development of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) with high mortality rate. We describe a severe case of MALA in the postoperative period that culminated in cardiac arrest. Whereby anaesthetists should be knowledgeable and skilled in the care of patients with diabetes being imperative to focus on preoperative assessment, optimisation, management of pre-existing treatment during the starvation period and identification of patients medicated with metformin at risk of developing MALA.

Keywords:
Metformin
Lactic acidosis
Perioperative
Postoperative complication
Resumen

La prevalencia mundial de diabetes mellitus (DM) ha aumentado drásticamente en las últimas 2 décadas, y esto afecta al 10-15% de la población quirúrgica.1 La metformina representa el pilar de la terapia antihiperglucémica para la DM tipo 2, que proporciona numerosos efectos beneficiosos. Sin embargo, un efecto adverso raro, pero grave, es el desarrollo de acidosis láctica asociada a metformina (MALA) con una alta tasa de mortalidad. Describimos un caso grave de MALA en el período postoperatorio, que culminó en un paro cardíaco. Por lo tanto, los anestesistas deben tener conocimientos y ser expertos en el cuidado de pacientes con diabetes, siendo imperativo centrarse en la evaluación preoperatoria, la optimización, el tratamiento preexistente durante el período de inanición y la identificación de pacientes medicados con metformina en situación de riesgo de desarrollar MALA.

Palabras clave:
Metformina
Acidosis láctica
Perioperatorio
Complicación postoperatoria

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