Información del artículo
Después de los malos resultados iniciales de las prótesis de tobillo comunicados desde 1976, la aparición de nuevos implantes de 3 componentes y no cementados ha vuelto a despertar el interés de la cirugía ortopédica por este procedimiento. Las indicaciones clásicas como artrosis postraumática y artritis inflamatorias se ven actualmente ampliadas al realizarse correcciones de varo y valgo y cirugías complementarias.
D 1990 se están comunicando buenos resultados en cuan to al dolor y mantenimiento de la capacidad funcional, y las tasas de supervivencia se asemejan a las de otros implantes, como los de cadera o rodilla.
La principal complicación es el aflojamiento aséptico, que puede requerir el cambio de componentes o la artrodesis del tobillo. Aunque la artrodesis es un procedimiento vigente, la artroplastia de tobillo, realizada en pacientes bien seleccionados, es actualmente una opción electiva en las artropatías graves de tobillo.
Palabras clave:
Artropatías del tobillo
Artrodesis
Artroplastia total de tobillo
Prótesis de tobillo
After the initial poor results in total ankle replacement reported since 1976, the introduction of new three-component, noncemented implants has reawakened the interest of orthopaedic surgeons for this procedure. The classical indications, such as post-traumatic osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritides, have been currently expanded to valgus / varus corrections and complementary procedures.
Since the 1990's, good results are being raported for pain and maintenance of functional capacity, and the survival rates are similar to those reported for other replacement procedures such as those of the knee or hip.
The main complication is that of aseptic loosening, which may require component replacement or even ankle arthrodesis. Even though arthrodesis is still a valid procedure, total ankle replacement has become, in adequately selected patients, an elective option in severe ankle arthropathies.
Key words:
Ankle arthropathies
Arthrodesis
Total ankle replacement
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