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Inicio Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral Uso de sellantes de fosas y fisuras para la prevención de caries en población ...
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Vol. 6. Núm. 1.
Páginas 14-19 (Abril 2013)
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Vol. 6. Núm. 1.
Páginas 14-19 (Abril 2013)
Open Access
Uso de sellantes de fosas y fisuras para la prevención de caries en población infanto-juvenil: Revisión metodológica de ensayos clínicos
Use of pit and fissure sealants for preventing caries in child population: Methodological review of clinical trials
Visitas
8198
S. Faleiros Chioca1, I. Urzúa Araya2,
Autor para correspondencia
ivanurzua@yahoo.com

Correspondencia autor: Departamento Odontología Restauradora. Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingstone P. 342, Independencia. Santiago, Chile
, G. Rodríguez Martínez2, R. Cabello Ibacache2
1 Doctorado en Salud Pública. Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile. Chile
2 Magíster en Ciencias Odontológicas. Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile. Chile
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Información del artículo
Resumen

La caries dental es uno de los problemas más relevantes dentro del ámbito odontológico y de la Salud Pública. En Chile existe una alta prevalencia de caries en la población infanto-juvenil, siendo esta una de las prioridades de salud del país. Se constata la necesidad de utilizar métodos complementarios para su control. Los sellantes de fosas y fisuras representan una de las intervenciones preventivas más efectivas en odontología, siendo considerados como un aporte a la Salud Pública. Sin embargo, no existen evidencias consistentes acerca de su verdadera efectividad e impacto en la prevención de caries. Las inconsistencias encontradas podrían deberse a la presencia de sesgos o a la heterogeneidad de los estudios disponibles en la literatura. Así, se propone realizar una revisión sistemática con el fin de evaluar la calidad metodológica de los ensayos clínicos controlados que utilizan sellantes de fosas y fisuras. Se condujo una búsqueda de ensayos realizados entre 1990 y 2007, encontrándose trece que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los estudios incluidos fueron obtenidos y evaluados por un único revisor. Se concluye que la evidencia que avala la utilización de esta intervención es metodológicamente muy pobre. Estos hallazgos debieran estimular a los profesionales a esclarecer la verdad referente a la efectividad de los sellantes, antes de aplicarlos indiscriminadamente. Se recomienda la realización de nuevos ensayos clínicos ejecutados con un adecuado diseño metodológico y de análisis estadístico, cuyos resultados sirvan como evidencia confiable para la toma de decisiones que guíen las políticas de Salud Pública.

Palabras clave:
Epidemiología
caries dental
sellantes de fosas y fisuras
Abstract

Dental decay is one of the most important problems within the Public Oral Health. Chile has a high prevalence of decay among children and adolescents, being this issue one of the priorities of public health in the country. Taking into account this context, there is a necessity of using complementary methods for its control. Pit and fissures sealants represent one of the most effective preventive interventions in dentistry, being considered as a contribution to the public health interventions. Nevertheless, there are no consistent evidences about their true effectiveness and impact in the prevention of caries. These inconsistencies could be due to the presence of bias or the heterogeneity of the studies available in literature. Thus, we propose to make a review with the aim to evaluate the methodological quality of clinical trials using pit and fissure sealants. A search of studies between 1990 and 2012 was conducted and 18 clinical trials that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were found. The studies included were obtained and evaluated by a single reviewer. This review concludes that the evidence that guarantees the use of this intervention is methodologically poor. These findings may stimulate the professionals to clarify the truth referring to the effectiveness of sealants, before applying it indiscriminately. The accomplishment of new clinical trials executed with an appropriate methodological design and statistical analysis is recommended, generating reliable results for the decision making that guides the Public Health Policies.

Key words:
Epidemiology
dental caries
pit and fissure sealants
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Copyright © 2013. Sociedad de Periodoncia de Chile, Sociedad de Implantología Oral de Chile y Sociedad de Prótesis y Rehabilitación Oral de Chile
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