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Vol. 58. Issue 5.
Pages 380-388 (September - October 2016)
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Vol. 58. Issue 5.
Pages 380-388 (September - October 2016)
Original report
Usefulness of ultrasonography is the evaluation of thyroid nodules
Utilidad de la ecografía en la evaluación de los nódulos tiroideos
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863
C. Franco Uliaquea,
Corresponding author
caroluliaque@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, F.J. Pardo Berdúna, R. Laborda Herrerob, C. Pérez Lórenza
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Centro Médico de Especialidades Ramón y Cajal, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
b Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain
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Figures (4)
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Absolute frequencies of explanatory variables based on the diagnosis of the nodules.
Table 2. Results from the logistic regression analysis for the detection of malignant thyroid nodules.
Table 3. Results from the logistic regression analysis for the detection of malignant thyroid nodules using different explanatory variables.
Table 4. Classification of nodules based on the strategy implementeda
Table 5. Relative frequencies of explanatory variables of nodules classified as benign based on the strategy implemented.a
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Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of ultrasonography (US) for differentiating between malignant and benign thyroid nodules and its usefulness in obviating unnecessary invasive procedures.

Patients and methods

From January 2012 through December 2014, a total of 321 fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) procedures were done in 302 patients selected according to the criteria recommended by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology guidelines and the American Thyroid Association guidelines. We analyzed the following characteristics on US: location, size, morphology, contour, consistency, echostructure, echogenicity, calcifications, and vascularization. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the relationship between the US findings and thyroid cancer.

Results

The prevalence of malignancy in our study population was 5.92%. The US findings that were significantly associated with a greater probability of malignancy were microcalcifications, central vascularization, and hypoechogenicity. The US findings that were associated with a lower risk of malignancy were areas of colloid degeneration and nodule heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that decisions about whether to perform FNAB should be based on the presence of suspicious US findings found with our statistic model rather than on the size of the nodule. Thus, unnecessary FNAB procedures on nodules without suspicious US characteristics can be avoided.

Keywords:
Thyroid nodule
Ultrasonography
Biopsy
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar la capacidad diagnóstica de la ecografía para diferenciar nódulos tiroideos benignos y malignos, y su utilidad para evitar procedimientos invasivos innecesarios.

Pacientes y métodos

De enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2014 se realizaron 321 procedimientos de punción-aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) a 302 pacientes remitidos por el Servicio de Endocrinología del Centro Medico de Especialidades, seleccionados bajo los criterios de la Guía de la Asociación Americana de Endocrinología Clínica y de la Guía de la Asociación Americana del Tiroides. Se analizaron las siguientes características ecográficas: localización, tamaño, morfología, contorno, consistencia, ecoestructura, ecogenicidad, calcificaciones y vascularización. Se realizó un análisis univariante y multivariante para investigar la relación entre los hallazgos ecográficos y el cáncer de tiroides.

Resultados

La prevalencia de malignidad en nuestra población de estudio es del 5.92%. Los hallazgos ecográficos que son estadísticamente significativos y están asociados a una mayor probabilidad de malignidad son la presencia de microcalcificaciones, la vascularización central y la hipoecogenicidad. Los hallazgos asociados a un menor riesgo son la presencia de halo, la existencia de áreas de degeneración coloide y la heterogeneidad de los nódulos.

Conclusión

Según nuestro estudio, la indicación de realizar PAAF no debería basarse en el tamaño del nódulo, sino en la presencia de hallazgos ecográficos sospechosos de malignidad de acuerdo con las estimaciones de nuestro modelo estadístico. De esta forma sugerimos evitar realizar PAAF innecesarias en nódulos que no presenten dichas características.

Palabras clave:
Nódulo tiroideo
Ecografía
Biopsia

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