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Vol. 61. Issue 3.
Pages 215-224 (May - June 2019)
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Vol. 61. Issue 3.
Pages 215-224 (May - June 2019)
Radiology through images
Pulmonary histiocytosis: Beyond Langerhans cell histiocytosis related to smoking
Histiocitosis pulmonar: más allá de la histiocitosis de células de Langerhans relacionada con el tabaco
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C. Trejo Gallegoa, J. Buenob, E. Crucesa, E.B. Stelowc, N. Mancheñod, L. Florsb,e,
Corresponding author
florsl@health.missouri.edu

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
b Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
c Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
d Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, Valencia, Spain
e Department of Radiology, One Hospital Dr, University of Missouri Health System, Columbia, MO, United States
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Table 1. Summary of primary histiocytic disorders of non-neoplastic (or unknown) aetiology and those with malignant behaviour.
Abstract
Objective

To review the imaging findings for the different types of pulmonary histiocytosis. In particular, in addition to the well-known pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis related to smoking and its possible appearance in nonsmokers, we focus on non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis in Rosai–Dorfman disease and Erdheim–Chester disease. We also review the etiopathogenesis, histology, clinical presentation, and treatment of pulmonary histiocytosis.

Conclusion

Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Rosai–Dorfman disease, and Erdheim–Chester disease are idiopathic diseases in which the proliferation and infiltration of histiocytes is the histologic finding that confirms the diagnosis. Langerhans cell histiocytosis manifests as nodules and cysts that spare the costophrenic angles; it typically appears in smokers. Although it is uncommon in nonsmokers, Langerhans cell histiocytosis should also be considered in nonsmokers treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in whom cavitated nodules appear and should be included in the differential diagnosis together with metastatic disease and opportunistic infections. Rosai–Dorfman disease and Erdheim–Chester disease present with less specific thoracic findings such as adenopathies, interstitial thickening, and pleural effusion. In Erdheim–Chester disease, the characteristic extrathoracic manifestations are usually key for the diagnosis.

Keywords:
Langerhans cells histiocytosis
Erdheim–Chester disease
Sinus histiocytosis
Computed tomography
Resumen
Objetivo

Revisar los hallazgos de imagen de las diferentes histiocitosis pulmonares. En concreto, además de la conocida histiocitosis de células de Langerhans relacionada con el tabaco y su posible aparición sin antecedentes de este, la enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman y la enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester. También se revisa su etiopatogenia, histología, clínica y tratamiento.

Conclusión

La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans, la enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman y la enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester son un conjunto de patologías de causa idiopática en las que la proliferación e infiltración de histiocitos es el hallazgo anatomopatológico diagnóstico. La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans se manifiesta en forma de nódulos y quistes que respetan los ángulos costofrénicos, característicamente en pacientes fumadores. Aunque es poco frecuente, debe pensarse en esta entidad en pacientes no fumadores, en tratamiento quimio y radioterapéutico, con nódulos cavitados de nueva aparición e incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial junto con la enfermedad metastásica y la infección oportunista. La enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman y la enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester se presentan con hallazgos torácicos más inespecíficos, como adenopatías, engrosamiento intersticial y derrame pleural. En la enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester, las características manifestaciones extratorácicas suelen ser claves en el diagnóstico.

Palabras clave:
Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans
Enfermedad de Erdheim Chester
Histiocitosis sinusal
Tomografía computarizada

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