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Vol. 154. Issue 11.
Pages 433-439 (June 2020)
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Vol. 154. Issue 11.
Pages 433-439 (June 2020)
Original article
Study of cytomegalovirus resistance in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Estudio de resistencias de citomegalovirus en pacientes receptores de trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos
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Alba Guiua,
Corresponding author
alba_guiu@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Rubén López-Aladidb, Laura Cardeñosoa, Maria Mar Mosquerab, Rafael de la Cámarac, Maria Angeles Marcosb
a Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínic, ISGlobal (Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Patient clinical characteristics.
Table 2. Resistance study.
Table 3. Distribution of patients with and without virological resistance, according to different factors related to CMV infection.
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Abstract
Introduction

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most important opportunistic pathogen associated with transplant. The objective of this study was the characterization of CMV resistance mutations in allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant recipients (allo-TPH) and the study of associated factors.

Methods

A retrospective study of a cohort of allo-TPH recipients with post-transplant CMV reactivations with stable or increasing viral loads (CV), despite adequate antiviral treatment for at least 2weeks. The study of resistance mutations of the UL97 and UL54 genes was carried out by Sanger sequencing.

Results

Refractory CMV infection in our group of allo-TPH patients corresponded with a 21.43% rate of resistant virus infection (3 of 14 patients). All patients with resistance mutations had multiple reactivation episodes (p-value 0.01). The mutations found were A594V and H520Q in the UL97 gene that confers high-grade resistance to ganciclovir (GCV). One of the 3 cases with antiviral resistance was documented with a low VL (< 1000 copies/ml) and short accumulated GCV treatment (41 days).

Conclusion

Most of the failures in the treatment of CMV were possibly due to clinical resistance; the lack of satisfactory response to antiviral treatment is not always accompanied by virological resistance. However, the appearance of resistances can occur early after the start of the treatment and with VL below 1000 copies/ml. The number of episodes of reactivation was higher among patients with virological resistance than those who did not.

Keywords:
Cytomegalovirus
Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant
Resistance mutations
Resumen
Introducción

El citomegalovirus (CMV) es el patógeno oportunista más importante asociado al trasplante. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la caracterización de mutaciones de resistencia de CMV en pacientes receptores de trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos (alo-TPH) y el estudio de factores asociados.

Métodos

Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes receptores de alo-TPH con reactivaciones postrasplante de CMV con cargas virales (CV) estables o en aumento, a pesar de un adecuado tratamiento antiviral al menos durante 2semanas. Se realizó el estudio de mutaciones de resistencia de los genes UL97 y UL54 mediante secuenciación Sanger.

Resultados

La infección refractaria de CMV de nuestro grupo de pacientes alo-TPH se correspondió con una tasa de infección por virus resistente del 21,43% (3 de 14 pacientes). Todos los pacientes con mutaciones de resistencia presentaron múltiples episodios de reactivación (p-valor 0,01). Las mutaciones encontradas fueron A594V y H520Q en el gen UL97 que confieren resistencia de alto grado a ganciclovir (GCV). Uno de los 3 casos con resistencia antiviral, se documentó con una CV baja (< 1.000 copias/ml) y tras corto tratamiento acumulado de GCV (41 días).

Conclusión

La mayor parte de los fracasos en el tratamiento del CMV se debió posiblemente a resistencia clínica; la falta de respuesta satisfactoria al tratamiento antiviral no siempre se acompaña de resistencia virológica. No obstante, la aparición de resistencias puede ocurrir de forma temprana tras el inicio del tratamiento anticipado y con CV por debajo de 1.000 copias/ml. El número de episodios de reactivación fue mayor entre los pacientes que se demostró resistencia virológica frente a los que no.

Palabras clave:
Citomegalovirus
Trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos
Mutaciones de resistencia

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